Déplacements collectifs? Les exclusions politiques des comunes italiennes et la mobilité géographique des populations urbaines

Historians have analised for long political exclusions in Italian city communes of middle ages without focusing on their consequences on mobility of men. More recently, in the 20th century, some researches have made the hypothesis that these exclusions had a huge impact voiding cities of relevant portions of populations for decades and radically transforming the composition of citizenship. This hypothesis is not confirmed by a careful check of the facts. The banishments, which excluded physically and legally the men were not so extended and almost always revertable. It is nevertheless true that the social experience of the exile was diffused and shared by some special groups, specifically soldiers, bankers and intellectuals.