Textual procedures an strategies in the translation of manga and anime dialogue
Abstract
This thesis describes the textual strategies used in the translation into English of fictional dialogue, with
particular reference to a content area as yet unexplored in Translation Studies: Japanese comic-books and
animated cartoons. It does this by means of comparative case studies of the textual procedures used in
different translations of Japanese source-texts. The comparisons are of target texts, and are sometimes
interlingual in nature (English vs. French) and sometimes intralingual (English vs. English). The
analytic approach is stylistic, focusing on the narrative functions of setting and character. The
accumulation of case studies reported in the thesis provides new information about general conventions of
translating fictional dialogue into English. The findings are that, unlike their French counterparts, none
of the English translations investigated in this thesis makes use of intermediate translation. English
translations assimilate character voice more strongly than French translations, and the same trend emerges
with regard to military and scientific register. However, no overall interlingual difference emerges
clearly with regard to the translation of cultural markers. The thesis also provides new insights on
specific modes in the translation of fictional dialogue (dubbing, subtitling, and comic-book translation).
English comic-book translations domesticate character voice strongly, adding vulgarity, as well as
substituting and autonomously creating English dialects. English dubs transform indices of character by
inserting jokes, vulgar language, and stereotypical expressions from foreign languages. However in the
two cases where English dubs could be compared intralingually, the more recent translations adapt the
Japanesed ialogue less than the earlier versions. The conventions of comic-book translation and dubbing
differ in these respects from the contemporary prescriptions of literary translation theory. Subtitles are
less domesticating than dubs or comic books. Although subtitling may sometimes neutralize stylistic
features of Japanese dialogue, recent subtitles released in America use a number of compensatory
procedures to create corresponding indices of character in the target text.