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First molecular evidence of potentially zoonotic Babesia microti and Babesia sp EU1 in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium

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Abstract
We report the first molecular evidence of the presence of Babesia sp. EU1 and Babesia microti in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium. A 1-year national survey collected 1005 ticks from cats and dogs. A polymerase chain reaction technique amplifying a part of the 18S rRNA gene detected Babesia spp. in 11 out of 841 selected and validated tick extracts. Subsequent sequencing identified Ba. microti (n = 3) and Babesia sp. EU1 (n 6). This study has demonstrated a low infection rate (1.31% with 95% CI: 0.65-2.33) of Babesia spp. carriage in I. ricinus ticks in Belgium but, for the first time, reports two potentially zoonotic species belonging to this genus. Coinfection with Ba. microti and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto also was demonstrated. In addition, this study clearly demonstrates that inhibitors of polymerase chain reaction amplification are present in engorged ticks.
Keywords
PCR, Ticks, POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION, Ixodes ricinus, Emerging zoonotic infection, Belgium, Babesia sp EU1, Babesia microti, BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI, LYME-DISEASE, BOVINE BABESIOSIS, SOUTHERN GERMANY, EUROPE, INFECTION, TRANSMISSION, PREVALENCE, PATHOGENS

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MLA
Lempereur, Laetitia, et al. “First Molecular Evidence of Potentially Zoonotic Babesia Microti and Babesia Sp EU1 in Ixodes Ricinus Ticks in Belgium.” VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES, vol. 11, no. 2, 2011, pp. 125–30, doi:10.1089/vbz.2009.0189.
APA
Lempereur, L., De Cat, A., Caron, Y., Madder, M., Claerebout, E., Saegerman, C., & Losson, B. (2011). First molecular evidence of potentially zoonotic Babesia microti and Babesia sp EU1 in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium. VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES, 11(2), 125–130. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2009.0189
Chicago author-date
Lempereur, Laetitia, Ann De Cat, Yannick Caron, Maxime Madder, Edwin Claerebout, Claude Saegerman, and Bertrand Losson. 2011. “First Molecular Evidence of Potentially Zoonotic Babesia Microti and Babesia Sp EU1 in Ixodes Ricinus Ticks in Belgium.” VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES 11 (2): 125–30. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2009.0189.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Lempereur, Laetitia, Ann De Cat, Yannick Caron, Maxime Madder, Edwin Claerebout, Claude Saegerman, and Bertrand Losson. 2011. “First Molecular Evidence of Potentially Zoonotic Babesia Microti and Babesia Sp EU1 in Ixodes Ricinus Ticks in Belgium.” VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES 11 (2): 125–130. doi:10.1089/vbz.2009.0189.
Vancouver
1.
Lempereur L, De Cat A, Caron Y, Madder M, Claerebout E, Saegerman C, et al. First molecular evidence of potentially zoonotic Babesia microti and Babesia sp EU1 in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium. VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES. 2011;11(2):125–30.
IEEE
[1]
L. Lempereur et al., “First molecular evidence of potentially zoonotic Babesia microti and Babesia sp EU1 in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium,” VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 125–130, 2011.
@article{1983213,
  abstract     = {{We report the first molecular evidence of the presence of Babesia sp. EU1 and Babesia microti in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium. A 1-year national survey collected 1005 ticks from cats and dogs. A polymerase chain reaction technique amplifying a part of the 18S rRNA gene detected Babesia spp. in 11 out of 841 selected and validated tick extracts. Subsequent sequencing identified Ba. microti (n = 3) and Babesia sp. EU1 (n 6). This study has demonstrated a low infection rate (1.31% with 95% CI: 0.65-2.33) of Babesia spp. carriage in I. ricinus ticks in Belgium but, for the first time, reports two potentially zoonotic species belonging to this genus. Coinfection with Ba. microti and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto also was demonstrated. In addition, this study clearly demonstrates that inhibitors of polymerase chain reaction amplification are present in engorged ticks.}},
  author       = {{Lempereur, Laetitia and De Cat, Ann and Caron, Yannick and Madder, Maxime and Claerebout, Edwin and Saegerman, Claude and Losson, Bertrand}},
  issn         = {{1530-3667}},
  journal      = {{VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES}},
  keywords     = {{PCR,Ticks,POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION,Ixodes ricinus,Emerging zoonotic infection,Belgium,Babesia sp EU1,Babesia microti,BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI,LYME-DISEASE,BOVINE BABESIOSIS,SOUTHERN GERMANY,EUROPE,INFECTION,TRANSMISSION,PREVALENCE,PATHOGENS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{125--130}},
  title        = {{First molecular evidence of potentially zoonotic Babesia microti and Babesia sp EU1 in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2009.0189}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

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