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The increasing complexity of glucocorticoid receptor signaling and regulation

Sofie Desmet (UGent) , Ilse Beck (UGent) , Nadia Bougarne, Dorien Clarisse (UGent) , Julie Deckers (UGent) , Dariusz Ratman (UGent) , Jan Tavernier (UGent) and Karolien De Bosscher (UGent)
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids, although being one of the eldest drugs in the clinic and despite their widespread usage for the treatment of inflammatory and immune disorders and cancer, have not yet come of age when it comes to a full understanding of how they work. The majority of the biological actions of glucocorticoid hormones are explained by a wide diversity in the cellular action mechanism of the hormone-activated Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR). All molecular mechanisms described in the current overview are not only complex, exhibiting an astonishing degree of gene- and tissue-specificity, but on top of this they are also non-exclusive. This layering of mechanisms makes it extremely difficult for researchers to extract the crucial pieces of information that would assist in a rational design of drugs with an improved therapeutic profile, i.e. a satisfying and maintained therapeutic response in the absence of the many incapacitating glucocorticoid-associated side effects, such as diabetes, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, depression etc. In direct correlation with increased glucocorticoid usage as observed in the clinic, the impetus and desire to reveal all of these mechanisms -and most importantly, to try to integrate them in a sensible manner for the sake of finding better alternatives- has never been stronger.
Keywords
mechanism, signal transduction, regulation, Glucocorticoid Receptor, transcription, Glucocorticoid

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MLA
Desmet, Sofie, et al. “The Increasing Complexity of Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling and Regulation.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELGIAN ROYAL ACADEMIES OF MEDICINE, vol. 3, 2014, pp. 33–52.
APA
Desmet, S., Beck, I., Bougarne, N., Clarisse, D., Deckers, J., Ratman, D., … De Bosscher, K. (2014). The increasing complexity of glucocorticoid receptor signaling and regulation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELGIAN ROYAL ACADEMIES OF MEDICINE, 3, 33–52.
Chicago author-date
Desmet, Sofie, Ilse Beck, Nadia Bougarne, Dorien Clarisse, Julie Deckers, Dariusz Ratman, Jan Tavernier, and Karolien De Bosscher. 2014. “The Increasing Complexity of Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling and Regulation.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELGIAN ROYAL ACADEMIES OF MEDICINE 3: 33–52.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Desmet, Sofie, Ilse Beck, Nadia Bougarne, Dorien Clarisse, Julie Deckers, Dariusz Ratman, Jan Tavernier, and Karolien De Bosscher. 2014. “The Increasing Complexity of Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling and Regulation.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELGIAN ROYAL ACADEMIES OF MEDICINE 3: 33–52.
Vancouver
1.
Desmet S, Beck I, Bougarne N, Clarisse D, Deckers J, Ratman D, et al. The increasing complexity of glucocorticoid receptor signaling and regulation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELGIAN ROYAL ACADEMIES OF MEDICINE. 2014;3:33–52.
IEEE
[1]
S. Desmet et al., “The increasing complexity of glucocorticoid receptor signaling and regulation,” PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELGIAN ROYAL ACADEMIES OF MEDICINE, vol. 3, pp. 33–52, 2014.
@article{4315382,
  abstract     = {{Glucocorticoids, although being one of the eldest drugs in the clinic and despite their widespread usage for the treatment of inflammatory and immune disorders and cancer, have not yet come of age when it comes to a full understanding of how they work. The majority of the biological actions of glucocorticoid hormones are explained by a wide diversity in the cellular action mechanism of the hormone-activated Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR). All molecular mechanisms described in the current overview are not only complex, exhibiting an astonishing degree of gene- and tissue-specificity, but on top of this they are also non-exclusive. This layering of mechanisms makes it extremely difficult for researchers to extract the crucial pieces of information that would assist in a rational design of drugs with an improved therapeutic profile, i.e. a satisfying and maintained therapeutic response in the absence of the many incapacitating glucocorticoid-associated side effects, such as diabetes, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, depression etc. In direct correlation with increased glucocorticoid usage as observed in the clinic, the impetus and desire to reveal all of these mechanisms -and most importantly, to try to integrate them in a sensible manner for the sake of finding better alternatives- has never been stronger.}},
  author       = {{Desmet, Sofie and Beck, Ilse and Bougarne, Nadia and Clarisse, Dorien and Deckers, Julie and Ratman, Dariusz and Tavernier, Jan and De Bosscher, Karolien}},
  issn         = {{2034-7626}},
  journal      = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELGIAN ROYAL ACADEMIES OF MEDICINE}},
  keywords     = {{mechanism,signal transduction,regulation,Glucocorticoid Receptor,transcription,Glucocorticoid}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{33--52}},
  title        = {{The increasing complexity of glucocorticoid receptor signaling and regulation}},
  url          = {{http://www.probram.be/index.php/probram/article/view/59}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}