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Job strain and health-related lifestyle: findings from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 118 000 working adults

(2013) AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. 103(11). p.2090-2097
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Organization
Abstract
Objectives. We examined the associations of job strain, an indicator of work-related stress, with overall unhealthy and healthy lifestyles. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of individual-level data from 11 European studies (cross-sectional data: n = 118 701; longitudinal data: n = 43 971). We analyzed job strain as a set of binary (job strain vs no job strain) and categorical (high job strain, active job, passive job, and low job strain) variables. Factors used to define healthy and unhealthy lifestyles were body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, and leisure-time physical activity. Results. Individuals with job strain were more likely than those with no job strain to have 4 unhealthy lifestyle factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 1.39) and less likely to have 4 healthy lifestyle factors (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.80, 0.99). The odds of adopting a healthy lifestyle during study follow-up were lower among individuals with high job strain than among those with low job strain (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.96). Conclusions. Work-related stress is associated with unhealthy lifestyles and the absence of stress is associated with healthy lifestyles, but longitudinal analyses suggest no straightforward cause-effect relationship between work-related stress and lifestyle.
Keywords
CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, BODY-MASS INDEX, TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, PUBLIC-SECTOR EMPLOYEES, EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE, SELF-REPORTED HEIGHT, RISK-FACTORS, CIVIL-SERVANTS, WHITEHALL-II, REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE

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MLA
Heikkilä, Katriina, et al. “Job Strain and Health-Related Lifestyle: Findings from an Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 118 000 Working Adults.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, vol. 103, no. 11, 2013, pp. 2090–97, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301090.
APA
Heikkilä, K., Fransson, E. I., Nyberg, S. T., Zins, M., Westerlund, H., Westerholm, P., … Kivimaki, M. (2013). Job strain and health-related lifestyle: findings from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 118 000 working adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 103(11), 2090–2097. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301090
Chicago author-date
Heikkilä, Katriina, Eleonor I Fransson, Solja T Nyberg, Marie Zins, Hugo Westerlund, Peter Westerholm, Marianna Virtanen, et al. 2013. “Job Strain and Health-Related Lifestyle: Findings from an Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 118 000 Working Adults.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 103 (11): 2090–97. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301090.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Heikkilä, Katriina, Eleonor I Fransson, Solja T Nyberg, Marie Zins, Hugo Westerlund, Peter Westerholm, Marianna Virtanen, Jussi Vahtera, Sakari Suominen, Andrew Steptoe, Paula Salo, Jaana Pentti, Tuula Oksanen, Maria Nordin, Michael G Marmot, Thorsten Lunau, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Markku Koskenvuo, Anders Knutsson, France Kittel, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Marcel Goldberg, Raimund Erbel, Nico Dragano, Dirk De Bacquer, Els Clays, Annalisa Casini, Lars Alfredsson, Jane E Ferrie, Archana Singh-Manoux, G David Batty, and Mika Kivimaki. 2013. “Job Strain and Health-Related Lifestyle: Findings from an Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 118 000 Working Adults.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 103 (11): 2090–2097. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301090.
Vancouver
1.
Heikkilä K, Fransson EI, Nyberg ST, Zins M, Westerlund H, Westerholm P, et al. Job strain and health-related lifestyle: findings from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 118 000 working adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. 2013;103(11):2090–7.
IEEE
[1]
K. Heikkilä et al., “Job strain and health-related lifestyle: findings from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 118 000 working adults,” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, vol. 103, no. 11, pp. 2090–2097, 2013.
@article{5765238,
  abstract     = {{Objectives. We examined the associations of job strain, an indicator of work-related stress, with overall unhealthy and healthy lifestyles. 
Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of individual-level data from 11 European studies (cross-sectional data: n = 118 701; longitudinal data: n = 43 971). We analyzed job strain as a set of binary (job strain vs no job strain) and categorical (high job strain, active job, passive job, and low job strain) variables. Factors used to define healthy and unhealthy lifestyles were body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, and leisure-time physical activity. 
Results. Individuals with job strain were more likely than those with no job strain to have 4 unhealthy lifestyle factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 1.39) and less likely to have 4 healthy lifestyle factors (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.80, 0.99). The odds of adopting a healthy lifestyle during study follow-up were lower among individuals with high job strain than among those with low job strain (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.96). 
Conclusions. Work-related stress is associated with unhealthy lifestyles and the absence of stress is associated with healthy lifestyles, but longitudinal analyses suggest no straightforward cause-effect relationship between work-related stress and lifestyle.}},
  author       = {{Heikkilä, Katriina and Fransson, Eleonor I and Nyberg, Solja T and Zins, Marie and Westerlund, Hugo and Westerholm, Peter and Virtanen, Marianna and Vahtera, Jussi and Suominen, Sakari and Steptoe, Andrew and Salo, Paula and Pentti, Jaana and Oksanen, Tuula and Nordin, Maria and Marmot, Michael G and Lunau, Thorsten and Ladwig, Karl-Heinz and Koskenvuo, Markku and Knutsson, Anders and Kittel, France and Jöckel, Karl-Heinz and Goldberg, Marcel and Erbel, Raimund and Dragano, Nico and De Bacquer, Dirk and Clays, Els and Casini, Annalisa and Alfredsson, Lars and Ferrie, Jane E and Singh-Manoux, Archana and Batty, G David and Kivimaki, Mika}},
  issn         = {{0090-0036}},
  journal      = {{AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH}},
  keywords     = {{CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE,BODY-MASS INDEX,TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY,PUBLIC-SECTOR EMPLOYEES,EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE,SELF-REPORTED HEIGHT,RISK-FACTORS,CIVIL-SERVANTS,WHITEHALL-II,REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{2090--2097}},
  title        = {{Job strain and health-related lifestyle: findings from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 118 000 working adults}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301090}},
  volume       = {{103}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

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