@article{5991780,
  abstract     = {{Background: In addition to progressive CD4+ T cell immune deficiency, HIV infection is characterized by generalized immune activation, thought to arise from increased microbial exposure resulting from diminishing immunity.
Results: Here we report that, in a virus-free mouse model, conditional ablation of activated CD4+ T cells, the targets of immunodeficiency viruses, accelerates their turnover and produces CD4+ T cell immune deficiency. More importantly, activated CD4+ T cell killing also results in generalized immune activation, which is attributable to regulatory CD4+ T cell insufficiency and preventable by regulatory CD4+ T cell reconstitution. Immune activation in this model develops independently of microbial exposure. Furthermore, microbial translocation in mice with conditional disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity affects myeloid but not T cell homeostasis.
Conclusions: Although neither ablation of activated CD4+ T cells nor disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity in mice fully reproduces every aspect of HIV-associated immune dysfunction in humans, ablation of activated CD4+ T cells, but not disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity, approximates the two key immune alterations in HIV infection: CD4+ T cell immune deficiency and generalized immune activation. We therefore propose activated CD4+ T cell killing as a common etiology for both immune deficiency and activation in HIV infection.}},
  articleno    = {{93}},
  author       = {{Marques, Rute and Williams, Adam and Eksmond, Urszula and Wullaert, Andy and Kileen, Nigel and Pasparakis, Manolis and Kioussis, Dimitris and Kassiotis, George}},
  issn         = {{1478-5854}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{18}},
  title        = {{Generalized immune activation as a direct result of activated CD4+ T cell killing}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1186/jbiol194}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}

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