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Is developmental coordination disorder a motor imagery deficit?

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Organization
Abstract
This study investigated the notion that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show a reduced capacity of internally simulating movements of their own body or motor imagery. Using a mental rotation paradigm the contribution of hand posture to laterality/mirror judgments of bodily and alphanumeric stimuli was studied in 13 children with DCD and 13 matched typically developing (TD) children. Children were asked to judge whether the stimulus on display, rotated over -90 degrees, -30 degrees, +30 degrees, or +90 degrees, was a right or left hand or a canonical or mirror-reversed letter. Analysis of accuracy (ACC) and response times (RTs) demonstrated that children with DCD were generally slower and made more errors. RTs to letter stimuli were faster than those to hand stimuli in both DCD and TD children. For both groups RTs profiles were influenced by the orientation of the stimulus, showing longer response times for larger rotations. Clockwise rotations of right hands resulted in slower judgments than did counterclockwise rotations, whereas the reverse was true for left hands. Moreover, the results also indicate a contribution of hand posture to the laterality judgments of hands, with longer RTs when the posture of the participants' hands was opposite to the posture of the hands on display. Importantly, these effects that suggest an imagery strategy engaging motor processes were present in both groups. Apparently, the children with DCD of the present study did rely on motor imagery to solve the mental rotation task; however, their judgments seem to be compromised by a less well-defined internal model.
Keywords
Positron-emission-tomography, Mental rotation, Perceptual-motor interaction, Movement assessment battery, Children, Representations, Hand, Motor imagery, Objects, Brain, FMRI, Internal model, Developmental coordination disorder

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MLA
Deconinck, Frederik, et al. “Is Developmental Coordination Disorder a Motor Imagery Deficit?” JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, vol. 31, no. 6, TAYLOR & FRANCIS, 2009, pp. 720–30, doi:10.1080/13803390802484805.
APA
Deconinck, F., Spitaels, L., Fias, W., & Lenoir, M. (2009). Is developmental coordination disorder a motor imagery deficit? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 31(6), 720–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390802484805
Chicago author-date
Deconinck, Frederik, Liesbeth Spitaels, Wim Fias, and Matthieu Lenoir. 2009. “Is Developmental Coordination Disorder a Motor Imagery Deficit?” JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 31 (6): 720–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390802484805.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Deconinck, Frederik, Liesbeth Spitaels, Wim Fias, and Matthieu Lenoir. 2009. “Is Developmental Coordination Disorder a Motor Imagery Deficit?” JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 31 (6): 720–730. doi:10.1080/13803390802484805.
Vancouver
1.
Deconinck F, Spitaels L, Fias W, Lenoir M. Is developmental coordination disorder a motor imagery deficit? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. 2009;31(6):720–30.
IEEE
[1]
F. Deconinck, L. Spitaels, W. Fias, and M. Lenoir, “Is developmental coordination disorder a motor imagery deficit?,” JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 720–730, 2009.
@article{787592,
  abstract     = {{This study investigated the notion that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show a reduced capacity of internally simulating movements of their own body or motor imagery. Using a mental rotation paradigm the contribution of hand posture to laterality/mirror judgments of bodily and alphanumeric stimuli was studied in 13 children with DCD and 13 matched typically developing (TD) children. Children were asked to judge whether the stimulus on display, rotated over -90 degrees, -30 degrees, +30 degrees, or +90 degrees, was a right or left hand or a canonical or mirror-reversed letter. Analysis of accuracy (ACC) and response times (RTs) demonstrated that children with DCD were generally slower and made more errors. RTs to letter stimuli were faster than those to hand stimuli in both DCD and TD children. For both groups RTs profiles were influenced by the orientation of the stimulus, showing longer response times for larger rotations. Clockwise rotations of right hands resulted in slower judgments than did counterclockwise rotations, whereas the reverse was true for left hands. Moreover, the results also indicate a contribution of hand posture to the laterality judgments of hands, with longer RTs when the posture of the participants' hands was opposite to the posture of the hands on display. Importantly, these effects that suggest an imagery strategy engaging motor processes were present in both groups. Apparently, the children with DCD of the present study did rely on motor imagery to solve the mental rotation task; however, their judgments seem to be compromised by a less well-defined internal model.}},
  author       = {{Deconinck, Frederik and Spitaels, Liesbeth and Fias, Wim and Lenoir, Matthieu}},
  issn         = {{1380-3395}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Positron-emission-tomography,Mental rotation,Perceptual-motor interaction,Movement assessment battery,Children,Representations,Hand,Motor imagery,Objects,Brain,FMRI,Internal model,Developmental coordination disorder}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{720--730}},
  publisher    = {{TAYLOR & FRANCIS}},
  title        = {{Is developmental coordination disorder a motor imagery deficit?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/13803390802484805}},
  volume       = {{31}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}

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