@article{8687918,
  abstract     = {{In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the sensing and imaging of molecular oxygen (O-2) in biological samples containing live cells and tissue. We review recent developments in the measurement of O-2 in such samples by optical means, particularly using the phosphorescence quenching technique. The main types of soluble O-2 sensors are assessed, including small molecule, supramolecular and particle-based structures used as extracellular or intracellular probes in conjunction with different detection modalities and measurement formats. For the different O-2 sensing systems, particular attention is paid to their merits and limitations, analytical performance, general convenience and applicability in specific biological applications. The latter include measurement of O-2 consumption rate, sample oxygenation, sensing of intracellular O-2, metabolic assessment of cells, and O-2 imaging of tissue, vasculature and individual cells. Altogether, this gives the potential user a comprehensive guide for the proper selection of the appropriate optical probe(s) and detection platform to suit their particular biological applications and measurement requirements.}},
  author       = {{Dmitriev, Ruslan and Papkovsky, Dmitri B.}},
  issn         = {{1420-682X}},
  journal      = {{CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES}},
  keywords     = {{INTRACELLULAR OXYGEN,PHOSPHORESCENT PROBES,DELAYED FLUORESCENCE,METABOLIC-RESPONSES,MODULATION METHOD,OXIDATIVE STRESS,CELLULAR,OXYGEN,PC12 CELLS,CONSUMPTION,PO-2,Molecular oxygen,Cellular oxygen,Phosphorescence quenching,Sensors,Nanoparticle probes,Live cell oxygen imaging}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{2025--2039}},
  title        = {{Optical probes and techniques for O-2 measurement in live cells and tissue}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0914-0}},
  volume       = {{69}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

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