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Abstract
Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use format that can be easily imported and analysed using multiple software packages. Each dataset is accompanied by an explanation regarding the nature of the collected data. At the time of publication, the Confidence Database (which is available at ) contained 145 datasets with data from more than 8,700 participants and almost 4 million trials. The database will remain open for new submissions indefinitely and is expected to continue to grow. Here we show the usefulness of this large collection of datasets in four different analyses that provide precise estimations of several foundational confidence-related effects.
Keywords
SIGNAL-DETECTION, CHOICE, AVAILABILITY, RECOGNITION, INSIGHT

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MLA
Rahnev, Dobromir, et al. “The Confidence Database.” NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR, vol. 4, no. 3, 2020, pp. 317–25, doi:10.1038/s41562-019-0813-1.
APA
Rahnev, D., Desender, K., Lee, A. L. F., Adler, W. T., Aguilar-Lleyda, D., Akdogan, B., … Zylberberg, A. (2020). The Confidence Database. NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR, 4(3), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0813-1
Chicago author-date
Rahnev, Dobromir, Kobe Desender, Alan L. F. Lee, William T. Adler, David Aguilar-Lleyda, Basak Akdogan, Polina Arbuzova, et al. 2020. “The Confidence Database.” NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 4 (3): 317–25. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0813-1.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Rahnev, Dobromir, Kobe Desender, Alan L. F. Lee, William T. Adler, David Aguilar-Lleyda, Basak Akdogan, Polina Arbuzova, Lauren Y. Atlas, Fuat Balci, Ji Won Bang, Indrit Begue, Damian P. Birney, Timothy F. Brady, Joshua Calder-Travis, Andrey Chetverikov, Torin K. Clark, Karen Davranche, Rachel N. Denison, Troy C. Dildine, Kit S. Double, Yalcin A. Duyan, Nathan Faivre, Kaitlyn Fallow, Elisa Filevich, Thibault Gajdos, Regan M. Gallagher, Vincent de Gardelle, Sabina Gherman, Nadia Haddara, Marine Hainguerlot, Tzu-Yu Hsu, Xiao Hu, Inaki Iturrate, Matt Jaquiery, Justin Kantner, Marcin Koculak, Mahiko Konishi, Christina Koss, Peter D. Kvam, Sze Chai Kwok, Mael Lebreton, Karolina M. Lempert, Chien Ming Lo, Liang Luo, Brian Maniscalco, Antonio Martin, Sebastien Massoni, Julian Matthews, Audrey Mazancieux, Daniel M. Merfeld, Denis O’Hora, Eleanor R. Palser, Boryslaw Paulewicz, Michael Pereira, Caroline Peters, Marios G. Philiastides, Gerit Pfuhl, Fernanda Prieto, Manuel Rausch, Samuel Recht, Gabriel Reyes, Marion Rouault, Jerome Sackur, Saeedeh Sadeghi, Jason Samaha, Tricia X. F. Seow, Medha Shekhar, Maxine T. Sherman, Marta Siedlecka, Zuzanna Skora, Chen Song, David Soto, Sai Sun, Jeroen J. A. van Boxtel, Shuo Wang, Christoph T. Weidemann, Gabriel Weindel, Michal Wierzchon, Xinming Xu, Qun Ye, Jiwon Yeon, Futing Zou, and Ariel Zylberberg. 2020. “The Confidence Database.” NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 4 (3): 317–325. doi:10.1038/s41562-019-0813-1.
Vancouver
1.
Rahnev D, Desender K, Lee ALF, Adler WT, Aguilar-Lleyda D, Akdogan B, et al. The Confidence Database. NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR. 2020;4(3):317–25.
IEEE
[1]
D. Rahnev et al., “The Confidence Database,” NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 317–325, 2020.
@article{8703153,
  abstract     = {{Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use format that can be easily imported and analysed using multiple software packages. Each dataset is accompanied by an explanation regarding the nature of the collected data. At the time of publication, the Confidence Database (which is available at ) contained 145 datasets with data from more than 8,700 participants and almost 4 million trials. The database will remain open for new submissions indefinitely and is expected to continue to grow. Here we show the usefulness of this large collection of datasets in four different analyses that provide precise estimations of several foundational confidence-related effects.}},
  author       = {{Rahnev, Dobromir and Desender, Kobe and Lee, Alan L. F. and Adler, William T. and Aguilar-Lleyda, David and Akdogan, Basak and Arbuzova, Polina and Atlas, Lauren Y. and Balci, Fuat and Bang, Ji Won and Begue, Indrit and Birney, Damian P. and Brady, Timothy F. and Calder-Travis, Joshua and Chetverikov, Andrey and Clark, Torin K. and Davranche, Karen and Denison, Rachel N. and Dildine, Troy C. and Double, Kit S. and Duyan, Yalcin A. and Faivre, Nathan and Fallow, Kaitlyn and Filevich, Elisa and Gajdos, Thibault and Gallagher, Regan M. and de Gardelle, Vincent and Gherman, Sabina and Haddara, Nadia and Hainguerlot, Marine and Hsu, Tzu-Yu and Hu, Xiao and Iturrate, Inaki and Jaquiery, Matt and Kantner, Justin and Koculak, Marcin and Konishi, Mahiko and Koss, Christina and Kvam, Peter D. and Kwok, Sze Chai and Lebreton, Mael and Lempert, Karolina M. and Lo, Chien Ming and Luo, Liang and Maniscalco, Brian and Martin, Antonio and Massoni, Sebastien and Matthews, Julian and Mazancieux, Audrey and Merfeld, Daniel M. and O'Hora, Denis and Palser, Eleanor R. and Paulewicz, Boryslaw and Pereira, Michael and Peters, Caroline and Philiastides, Marios G. and Pfuhl, Gerit and Prieto, Fernanda and Rausch, Manuel and Recht, Samuel and Reyes, Gabriel and Rouault, Marion and Sackur, Jerome and Sadeghi, Saeedeh and Samaha, Jason and Seow, Tricia X. F. and Shekhar, Medha and Sherman, Maxine T. and Siedlecka, Marta and Skora, Zuzanna and Song, Chen and Soto, David and Sun, Sai and van Boxtel, Jeroen J. A. and Wang, Shuo and Weidemann, Christoph T. and Weindel, Gabriel and Wierzchon, Michal and Xu, Xinming and Ye, Qun and Yeon, Jiwon and Zou, Futing and Zylberberg, Ariel}},
  issn         = {{2397-3374}},
  journal      = {{NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR}},
  keywords     = {{SIGNAL-DETECTION,CHOICE,AVAILABILITY,RECOGNITION,INSIGHT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{317--325}},
  title        = {{The Confidence Database}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0813-1}},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

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