This special issue is focused on how a Bayesian approach to estimation, inference, and reasoning in organizational research might supplement—and in some cases supplant—traditional frequentist approaches. Bayesian methods are well suited to address the increasingly complex phenomena and problems faced by 21st-century researchers and organizations, where very complex data abound and the validity of knowledge and methods are often seen as contextually driven and constructed. Traditional modeling techniques and a frequentist view of probability and method are challenged by this new reality.