Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Influence of irrigation and plant population on yield parameters, flower and pod abscission, and photosynthate distribution in snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

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  • During 2 seasons effects of high and low irrigation (water applied at -0.6 and -2.5 bars soil water potential, respectively) and density were evaluated on yield parameters and flower/pod development at mainstem nodes 2 and 6 (terminal) of 'Oregon 1604', a determinate snap bean. High and low plant densities were 45 vs. 13 and 54 vs. 33 plants/m² in 1978 and 1979, respectively. Yield/unit area was increased under high irrigation and/or high density. Yield/plant was increased 121% by high irrigation, and was 67% greater under low than high density in the more stressful year of 1978, (no density effect in 1979). High irrigation increased number of pods formed (1978, 1979), and percent set and total pod fresh weight (1973) at node 6, as well as, percent set (1978, 1979) and pods formed (1978) at node 2. Density had no effect at node 6, however, low density increased number of flowers and all other yield parameters at node 2. Nodes 2 and 6 combined were responsible for over 80% of the total yield per plant. The flowering period was prolonged for organs at more distal raceme nodes (RN) within an inflorescence. There was an acropetal decline in yield parameters, which was reduced by high irrigation at both the terminal (6-T) and main lateral (2-A) inflorescences at nodes 6 and 2, respectively, whereas, low density only limited the decrease at 2-A (1978). The most proximal raceme node (RN-1) accounted for 65-80% of the total yield per inflorescence. High irrigation reduced flower/pod abscission at both nodes, but low density only decreased abscission at node 2. A large fraction of abscised organs were shed the day after anthesis, and this proportion increased under low irrigation (6-T, 2-A), and high density (2-A). Abscission increased acropetally within both 6-T and 2-A. Organs at RN-1 and RN-2 of 6-T received a larger percentage of tranlocated ¹⁴C-assimilate (12-19%) from 7-8 days after their anthesis than those at RN-3 (2-3%). Flowers/pods at 2-A showed a similar acropetal decline in ¹⁴C-activity, but less pronounced. Low density increased percent ¹⁴C-activity recovered in RN-1 and RN-2 pods of 2-A at 7-8 days after their anthesis, however, irrigation (6-T, 2-A) and density (6-T) effects were slight.
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