Abstract
Upgrading existing refineries for efficient energy utilization imposes strict restraints upon design engineers. Present and future production requirements must be defined. Reliable operating data must be obtained from historical records and test runs to accurately define actual performance of each piece of equipment. A complete simulation model of the facility is developed and tested. Future operations are evaluated using the model to define heat and material balance requirements for all projected operations. Energy conservation projects are evaluated with the model to define energy savings over the life of each project. A discounted cash flow analysis is formulated and an optimum set of projects yielding maximum rates of return are selected for implementation.
Johnnie, D. H., Jr.; Klooster, H. J. (1983). Upgrade Your Refinery for Energy Conservation. Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu); Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu). Available electronically from
https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /94515.