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Description
Breast cancer is the second most death causing cancer in women. Therefore, researchers suggest for early diagnosis of the disease which will lead to fast cure of the disease and increase the survival span of the patient. As some of the techniques available today to detect breast cancer are not 100% reliable, researchers are looking for an alternative method, which is Microwave Detection. The literature survey presents an overview of the research that was carried on over the past decade. Microwave detection based on Ultrawideband (UWB) technology plays an important role in the breast cancer detection. Microwave detection makes use of the contrast in the dielectric constant of the normal tissue and malignant tissue. The contrast is identified to be due to the water content in the tissue as malignant tissue has higher content which is about three times that of the normal tissue. As the Wideband (WB) technology has also found to be useful in breast cancer detection, this thesis presents a comparison of the wideband and ultra-wideband technology in breast cancer detection. The idea being implemented is by adopting the UWB slot antenna and WB microstrip patch antenna published by our research group. The analytical breast phantom model was proposed representing the electrical properties of the human tissue. Cubic and spherical tumor shapes of sizes 5mm, 10mm and 15mm were considered for the study. Simulations were performed using the breast model with two antennas set-up and six antennas set-up. The tumor detection was performed in the frequency domain by employing the subtraction algorithm and averaging algorithm. From the simulated results, it was incurred that the tumor response was obtained between 3GHz and 4GHz with the early time reflections in the higher frequency end at around 10.5GHz. A numerical analysis predicting the location the depth of tumor was also performed from the simulation results and analytical model with antennas. A series of experiments were performed employing both the antennas employing two antenna set-ups and different coupling liquids. A comparison of the measured and simulated data is presented in which the measured data had signal signature similar to the simulated data.