Reporte de la situación actual del tabaquismo en la población rural de Quingeo, Ecuador
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Garcés Ortega, Juan Pablo
Bermúdez, Valmore
Ortiz, Rina
Ludizaca González, Diana Paola
Torres Pérez, Angélica Estefania
Cárdenas Calle, Juan Pablo
Encalada Mora, Pedro Andrés
Jacome Verdugo, Giovanny Homero
Pineda Alvarez, David
Vasquez Procel, Xavier
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Cooperativa servicios y suministros 212518 RS
Resumen
Introducción: El consumo de tabaco se ha expandido a
nivel mundial, siendo un importante factor de riesgo modificable
para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles,
por lo cual el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el
comportamiento epidemiológico del tabaquismo y los factores
asociados en la población rural de Quingeo, Ecuador.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de campo,
analítico y transversal donde se seleccionaron a través de
un muestreo aleatorio multietápico a 530 individuos de
ambos sexos mayores a 18 años residenciados en la población
rural de Quingeo. Se les aplicó una historia clínica
y evaluación física completa. El hábito tabáquico se clasificó
en: no fumadores; fumadores y exfumadores. Se construyó
un modelo de regresión logística para estimar Odds
Ratio (IC95%) para factores asociados a ser fumador.
Resultados: El 12,8% (n=68) fue fumador, 7,9% (n=42)
exfumadores y 79,3% (n=420) no fumaba. Se encontró
una asociación estadísticamente significativa del hábito
tabáquico con el estatus laboral (χ2=18,472, p<0,001),
estatus socioeconómico (χ2=16,138; p<0,003) y educativo
(χ2=24,539, p<0,001), donde los empleados y con una
educación secundaria y superior presentaron la mayor prevalencia
de fumadores, mientras que la clase baja presentó
la menor prevalencia de fumadores. Los principales factores
de riesgo para ser fumador fueron el sexo masculino
(OR=10,33; IC95%: 4,69-22,77; p<0,001), el consumo
de alcohol (OR= 4,51; IC95%:2,10-9,67; p<0,001) y la
circunferencia abdominal elevada (OR=2,35; IC95%:1,05-
5,23; p=0,036).
Conclusiones: Se reportó una baja prevalencia de fumadores
actuales en la población rural de Quingeo. Los factores
asociados a ser fumador fueron el sexo masculino, el
estatus laboral, nivel educativo, estatus socioeconómico,
el consumo de alcohol y la obesidad abdominal. Las campañas
anti-tabaco deben mantenerse promoviéndose un
estilo de vida saludable, haciendo énfasis en los consumidores
de alcohol y los obesos abdominales.
Introduction: Tobacco use has expanded worldwide and is a major modifiable risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological behavior of smoking and associated factors in the rural population of Quingeo, Ecuador. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, analytical field study was carried out in which 530 individuals of both sexes over 18 years of age were selected from the rural population of Quingeo through a multi-stage random sampling. A complete medical history and physical examination were applied. Smoking was classified as: non-smokers; current smokers and former smokers. A logistic regression model was constructed to estimate Odds Ratio (95% CI) for factors associated with being a current smoker. Results: 12.8% (n=68) were current smokers, 7.9% (n=42) former smokers and 79.3% (n=420) did not smoke. A statistically significant association was found between smoking status and labor status (χ2=18.472, p<0.001), socioeconomic status (χ2=16,138, p<0.003) and educational status (χ2=24,539, p<0.001), where employees and with a secondary and higher education presented the highest prevalence of current smokers, while the lower class presented the lowest prevalence of current smokers. The main risk factors for smoking were male (OR=10.33, 95% CI: 4.69-22.77, p<0.001), alcohol consumption (OR=4.51, 95%CI: 2.10-9.67, p<0.001), and high abdominal circumference (OR= 2.35, 95% CI: 1.05- 5.23, p= 0.036). Conclusions: We report a low prevalence of current smokers in the rural population of Quingeo. Factors associated with being a smoker were male gender, work status, educational level, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption and abdominal obesity. Anti-smoking campaigns should be maintained by promoting a healthy lifestyle, with an emphasis on alcohol users and obese people.
Introduction: Tobacco use has expanded worldwide and is a major modifiable risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological behavior of smoking and associated factors in the rural population of Quingeo, Ecuador. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, analytical field study was carried out in which 530 individuals of both sexes over 18 years of age were selected from the rural population of Quingeo through a multi-stage random sampling. A complete medical history and physical examination were applied. Smoking was classified as: non-smokers; current smokers and former smokers. A logistic regression model was constructed to estimate Odds Ratio (95% CI) for factors associated with being a current smoker. Results: 12.8% (n=68) were current smokers, 7.9% (n=42) former smokers and 79.3% (n=420) did not smoke. A statistically significant association was found between smoking status and labor status (χ2=18.472, p<0.001), socioeconomic status (χ2=16,138, p<0.003) and educational status (χ2=24,539, p<0.001), where employees and with a secondary and higher education presented the highest prevalence of current smokers, while the lower class presented the lowest prevalence of current smokers. The main risk factors for smoking were male (OR=10.33, 95% CI: 4.69-22.77, p<0.001), alcohol consumption (OR=4.51, 95%CI: 2.10-9.67, p<0.001), and high abdominal circumference (OR= 2.35, 95% CI: 1.05- 5.23, p= 0.036). Conclusions: We report a low prevalence of current smokers in the rural population of Quingeo. Factors associated with being a smoker were male gender, work status, educational level, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption and abdominal obesity. Anti-smoking campaigns should be maintained by promoting a healthy lifestyle, with an emphasis on alcohol users and obese people.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Hábito tabáquico, Población rural, Hábito alcohólico, Factores de riesgo, Smoke habit, Rural population, Alcohol habit, Risk factors