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AOD Distributions and Trends of Major Aerosol Species over a Selection of the World's Most Populated Cities Based on the 1st Version of NASA's MERRA Aerosol ReanalysisNASA recently extended the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application (MERRA) with an atmospheric aerosol reanalysis which includes five particulate species: sulfate, organic matter, black carbon, mineral dust and sea salt. The MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero) is an innovative tool to study air quality issues around the world for its global and constant coverage and its distinction of aerosol speciation expressed in the form of aerosol optical depth (AOD). The purpose of this manuscript is to apply MERRAero to the study of urban air pollution at the global scale by analyzing the AOD over a period of 13 years (2003-2015) and over a selection of 200 of the world's most populated cities in order to assess the impacts of urbanization, industrialization, air quality regulations and regional transport which affect urban aerosol load. Environmental regulations and the recent global economic recession have helped to decrease the AOD and sulfate aerosols in most cities in North America, Europe and Japan. Rapid industrialization in China over the last two decades resulted in Chinese cities having the highest AOD values in the world. China has nevertheless recently implemented emission control measures which are showing early signs of success in many cities of Southern China where AOD has decreased substantially over the last 13 years. The AOD over South American cities, which is dominated by carbonaceous aerosols, has also decreased over the last decade due to an increase in commodity prices which slowed deforestation activities in the Amazon rainforest. At the opposite, recent urbanization and industrialization in India and Bangladesh resulted in a strong increase of AOD, sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols in most cities of these two countries. The AOD over most cities in Northern Africa and Western Asia changed little over the last decade. Emissions of natural aerosols, which cities in these two regions tend to be mostly composed of, don't tend to fluctuate significantly on an annual basis.
Document ID
20180000723
Acquisition Source
Goddard Space Flight Center
Document Type
Accepted Manuscript (Version with final changes)
Authors
Simon Provencal
(Université Laval Québec, Quebec, Canada)
Pavel Kishcha
(Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel)
Arlindo M Da Silva
(Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, United States)
Emily Elhacham
(Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel)
Pinhas Alpert
(Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel)
Date Acquired
January 25, 2018
Publication Date
April 26, 2017
Publication Information
Publication: Urban Climate
Publisher: Elsevier
Volume: 20
Issue Publication Date: June 1, 2017
ISSN: 2212-0955
Subject Category
Geophysics
Report/Patent Number
GSFC-E-DAA-TN51156
Funding Number(s)
WBS: 00000
Distribution Limits
Public
Copyright
Use by or on behalf of the US Gov. Permitted.
Keywords
Urban air pollution
AO
Sulfate
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