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Prevalence of microalbuminuria and diagnostic value of dipstick proteinuria in outpatients from HIV clinics in Bukavu, the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Masimango, Mannix Imani Sumaili, Ernest Kiswaya Jadoul, Michel [UCL] Wallemacq, Pierre [UCL] Mubagwa, Dieudonné Kanigula Nseka, Nazaire Mangani

(eng) BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is a marker of early kidney disease and high cardiovascular risk in various populations, including HIV positive patients. However, the diagnostic value of qualitative (dipstick) proteinuria and the burden of microalbuminuria in HIV positive patients living in sub-Saharan Africa are relatively unclear. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 235 HIV- positive outpatients were screened for proteinuria in 3 HIV-clinics in Bukavu. A spot urine sample from each subject was tested both by a dipstick and albumin-creatinine-ratio (ACR) assay. The performance of dipstick proteinuria exceeding 1+ was compared with that of microalbuminuria (≥ 30 mg/g creatinine). RESULTS: The prevalence of microalbuminuria and dipstick proteinuria ≥ (1+), ≥ (2+) and ≥ (3+) was 11%, 41%, 3.5% and 0.7%, respectively.Compared to microalbuminuria, the dipstick (proteinuria of 1+ or greater) had an overall sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 61%. The positive predictive value was 15.4% and the negative predictive value 92.8%. CONCLUSION: Proteinuria is highly prevalent in HIV positive patients. The limited sensitivity and specificity of the dipstick to detect significant microalbuminuria make it unattractive as a screening tool in HIV positive patients.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article)
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2014
Language Anglais
Journal information "BMC Nephrology" - Vol. 15, no.1, p. 146-150 (2014)
Peer reviewed yes
Publisher BioMed Central Ltd. (London)
issn 1471-2369
e-issn 1471-2369
Publication status Publié
Affiliations UCL - SSS/IREC/NEFR - Pôle de Néphrologie
UCL - (SLuc) Service de néphrologie
UCL - SSS/IREC/LTAP - Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
UCL - (SLuc) Service de biochimie médicale
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Bibliographic reference Masimango, Mannix Imani ; Sumaili, Ernest Kiswaya ; Jadoul, Michel ; Wallemacq, Pierre ; Mubagwa, Dieudonné Kanigula ; et. al. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and diagnostic value of dipstick proteinuria in outpatients from HIV clinics in Bukavu, the Democratic Republic of Congo.. In: BMC Nephrology, Vol. 15, no.1, p. 146-150 (2014)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/151588