Time series-based prediction of fade dynamics and shadowing correlation statistics for navigation systems

In this paper, a physical-statistical approach is used in combination with time series simulations, which rely directly upon distributions of physical parameters and simple electromagnetic theory to predict fade dynamics and shadowing correlation statistics for navigation systems. In the former case, a UTD-based ray-tracing is used with a series of roadside buildings, randomly generated according to known statistical distributions for building height and spacing, street width, etc. When dealing with shadowing correlation statistics for a given satellite constellation, the distribution of the shadowing correlation coefficient is then obtained by deriving time series of first and second elevation angles as well as of azimuth separation, using an orbit generator as input.