Cubsats’s study in formation for Earth observation

This thesis delves into the complex world of Earth observation by leveraging Cubesats as compact satellite platforms. The research explores the application of Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) to address an ambitious project: the replacement of large conventional continuous aperture antennas with non-regular arrays of individual elements mounted on Cubesats. These miniaturized satellites are then deployed in coordinated formation flights in orbit to create functioning antenna arrays. This innovative approach aims to address cost and development challenges while maintaining high-resolution Earth observation capabilities. In pursuit of this goal, the study explores the complex challenges imposed by orbital mechanics and electromagnetic constraints. The study reveals the inability to maintain a fixed formation over time and parallel to the Earth's surface. As a result, the need for solutions for the extraction of data with consistent resolution is a necessity. The results of the investigation highlight promising spiral configurations that successfully manage orbital dynamics while meeting strict electromagnetic criteria in terms of resolution and sidelobe heights. Through these findings, the study contributes to advancing our understanding of utilizing Cubesats in formation for Earth observation.