Producción de forraje y grano en cultivares de trigo para doble propósito en el sudoeste de Buenos Aires
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2017-06
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Revista Ciencias Agronómicas
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El cultivo de trigo doble propósito es la práctica de una o más defoliaciones para uso forrajero en invierno y posterior recomposición parcial del área foliar, permitiendo una cosecha de grano aceptable. En Adolfo Alsina (Provincia de Buenos Aires) la principal actividad económica es la cría e invernada vacuna junto con la producción de cereales de invierno. El trigo, uno de los cultivos más importantes, está presente en todas las rotaciones implementadas. La oferta de forraje en la actividad ganadera se basa principalmente en pasturas y verdeos de invierno, siendo estos últimos imprescindibles ya que producen gran cantidad de materia seca de alta calidad. Este trabajo describe el impacto del uso del trigo como doble propósito en los componentes de rendimiento y de calidad de cultivares utilizados en la zona. Los tres cultivares presentaron disminuciones importantes en los componentes del rendimiento en el tratamiento de dos cortes, evidenciando su susceptibilidad dentro del sistema doble propósito. El cultivar “Buck Malevo” se diferenció de “ACA 202” y “ACA 315” por generar una producción de materia seca por hectárea estable en ambas defoliaciones. En cuanto al rendimiento en grano, “Buck Malevo” no se diferenció en los tres tratamientos del cultivar “ACA 315”, pero su rendimiento estaría vinculado a su mayor capacidad de producir macollos fértiles, lo cual quedó demostrado pues siempre obtuvo el mayor número de espigas/m2. “ACA 202” fue el cultivar más afectado en el rendimiento en el tratamiento de un corte, no obstante haber presentado la mayor producción de materia seca.
Dual purpose wheat production is the practice of one or more defoliations for forage use during winter with subsequent partial recovery of green leaf area allowing an acceptable grain harvest. In Adolfo Alsina (Buenos Aires) the main economic activities are livestock breeding and winter grain production. Wheat, one of the most important crops, is present in all rotations. The supply of forage is mainly based on pastures and also on grain crops grazed through winter, the latter being essential as they produce large amounts of dry matter of high-quality. This paper describes the impact of the dual purpose practice of wheat cultivars used in the area, on yield components and quality. The three cultivars had significant reductions in yield components in the treatment of two defoliations, demonstrating their susceptibility within the dual purpose system. The cultivar “Buck Malevo” differed from the other two cultivars (“ACA 202” and “ACA 315”) in its stable dry matter production per hectare in the two defoliations. This is relevant for livestock breeding and fattening since in this region they depend on dual purpose crops. Considering grain yield, although “Buck Malevo” did not differ in the different treatments from cultivar “ACA 315”, its performance would be probably linked to its ability to produce fertile tillers, demonstrated through its higher tiller production in all treatments and showing the highest number of spikes/m2. On the other hand, the grain yield of “ACA 202” was strongly affected with one defoliation, despite having shown the highest dry matter production.
Dual purpose wheat production is the practice of one or more defoliations for forage use during winter with subsequent partial recovery of green leaf area allowing an acceptable grain harvest. In Adolfo Alsina (Buenos Aires) the main economic activities are livestock breeding and winter grain production. Wheat, one of the most important crops, is present in all rotations. The supply of forage is mainly based on pastures and also on grain crops grazed through winter, the latter being essential as they produce large amounts of dry matter of high-quality. This paper describes the impact of the dual purpose practice of wheat cultivars used in the area, on yield components and quality. The three cultivars had significant reductions in yield components in the treatment of two defoliations, demonstrating their susceptibility within the dual purpose system. The cultivar “Buck Malevo” differed from the other two cultivars (“ACA 202” and “ACA 315”) in its stable dry matter production per hectare in the two defoliations. This is relevant for livestock breeding and fattening since in this region they depend on dual purpose crops. Considering grain yield, although “Buck Malevo” did not differ in the different treatments from cultivar “ACA 315”, its performance would be probably linked to its ability to produce fertile tillers, demonstrated through its higher tiller production in all treatments and showing the highest number of spikes/m2. On the other hand, the grain yield of “ACA 202” was strongly affected with one defoliation, despite having shown the highest dry matter production.
Palabras clave
rendimiento en grano, rendimiento en forraje, verdeo de invierno, grain yield, forage yield, winter crops