La desigualdad como problema: debates teóricos sobre la relación entre distribución del ingreso, crecimiento económico y desarrollo
Fecha
2021-06-24
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Sección Historia. Instituto Superior de Profesorado N°3. Villa Constitución, Argentina
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En este artículo se revisan una serie de teorías que consideran a la desigualdad como un problema para el desarrollo. En especial, nos interesan las relaciones que establecen entre desigualdad, crecimiento, y avance tecnológico. En ese itinerario, vamos a diferenciar aquellos enfoques que realizan un análisis economicista, dejando los factores políticos y sociales en un plano subordinado; y aquellos enfoques que incluyen estos factores y la dan una importancia fundamental. Nuestra hipótesis es que los estudios canónicos sobre la caída de la desigualdad en América Latina durante los años recientes tienen como trasfondo teórico al primer tipo enfoque. Al final del artículo, proponemos un abordaje que se nutre de elementos del estructuralismo latinoamericano y la teoría de la regulación francesa, y consideramos más apropiado para un estudio de la desigualdad a partir de la economía política.
This article analyzes a series of theories that found in inequality a problem for development. In particular, we are interested in the relationships that they establish between inequality, growth, and technological advance. In this review, we differentiate those approaches that are based on an economic analysis, leaving political and social factors in a subordinate place; and those approaches that reverse this explanatory order. Our hypothesis is that canonical studies on the decline in Latin America’s inequality during recent years have the first type of approaches as a theoretical background. At the end of the article, we propose an approach that takes up elements of Latin American structuralism and French regulation theory, and we found more appropriate to study inequality from a political economy view
This article analyzes a series of theories that found in inequality a problem for development. In particular, we are interested in the relationships that they establish between inequality, growth, and technological advance. In this review, we differentiate those approaches that are based on an economic analysis, leaving political and social factors in a subordinate place; and those approaches that reverse this explanatory order. Our hypothesis is that canonical studies on the decline in Latin America’s inequality during recent years have the first type of approaches as a theoretical background. At the end of the article, we propose an approach that takes up elements of Latin American structuralism and French regulation theory, and we found more appropriate to study inequality from a political economy view
Palabras clave
Desigualdad, Desarrollo, Estructuralismo, Regulacionismo, Inequality, Development