Modification of mineralized collagen scaffolds to overcome challenges of craniomaxillofacial bone repair

Dewey, Marley J.

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/110822 Copy

Description

Title

Modification of mineralized collagen scaffolds to overcome challenges of craniomaxillofacial bone repair

Author(s)

Dewey, Marley J.

Issue Date

2021-04-19

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

Harley, Brendan A.C.

Doctoral Committee Chair(s)

Harley, Brendan A.C.

Committee Member(s)

• Cheng, Jianjun
• Leal, Cecilia
• Evans, Christopher

Department of Study

Materials Science & Engineerng

Discipline

Materials Science & Engr

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

Ph.D.

Degree Level

Dissertation

Keyword(s)

• Craniomaxillofacial
• bone repair
• collagen scaffolds
• 3D-printing
• biomaterials
• tissue engineering
• immune response
• preventing bacterial infection
• mesenchymal stem cells
• osteogenesis

Abstract

Craniomaxillofacial defects are a class of bone defect or injury resulting in a large volume of bone missing from the skull or jaw which is unable to regenerate without surgical intervention. Examples of these include cleft palate birth defects, cancer resection, and high energy impact trauma such as those from battlefield injuries. Common strategies to repair these defects involve autografts, or bone from the patient’s own body, but this bone is in limited supply and can cause donor site morbidity. Biomaterial strategies have focused on the use of engineering materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers to regenerate these defects, as they are customizable and in unlimited supply. One such material is mineralized collagen scaffolds, which have many of the organic (type I collagen, glycosaminoglycans) and inorganic (calcium and phosphorous mineral) constituents of natural bone within a porous sponge. These materials can regenerate craniomaxillofacial defects in small animal models as well as form minerals over time in vitro. To create the best potential clinical outcome for the use of these mineralized collagen biomaterials to repair craniomaxillofacial defects, these scaffolds must overcome the many challenges of repair associated with this problem. Craniomaxillofacial defects are typically irregular in shape and large in size, requiring a biomaterial to be designed in any size and shape and still fit well upon implantation. Bone is a complex environment, like any tissue, and multiple cell types are involved, including the immune response, which must be given the proper signals by the biomaterial to aid in normal bone repair and recede in inflammation over time. Finally, these defects are prone to infection, and methods to combat initial bacterial attachment to the biomaterial surface may improve regeneration outcomes. In this thesis, mineralized collagen scaffolds are modified in such a way to overcome the challenges of craniomaxillofacial repair and what these improvements in the scaffold design may mean for future clinical outcomes.

Graduation Semester

2021-05

Type of Resource

Thesis

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Copyright and License Information

Copyright 2021 Marley J. Dewey

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