Zooplankton of Lake Kivu

The dominant species of the crustacean plankton in Lake Kivu are the cyclopoid copepods Thermocyclops consimilis and Mesocyclops aequatorialis and the cladoceran Diaphanosoma excisum. Mean crustacean biomass over the period 2003–2004 was 0.99 g C m−2. The seasonal dynamics closely followed variations of chlorophyll a concentration and responded well to the dry season phytoplankton peak. The mean annual crustacean production rate was 23 g C m−2 year−1. The mean trophic transfer efficiency between phytoplankton and herbivorous zooplankton was equal to 6.8 %, indicating a coupling between both trophic levels similar to that in other East African Great lakes. These observations suggest a predominant bottom-up control of plankton dynamics and biomass in Lake Kivu. Whereas the present biomass of crustacean plankton in Lake Kivu is comparable to that of other African Rift lakes, the zooplankton biomass before Limnothrissa introduction was 2.6 g C m−2, based on estimation from available historical data. So, if the sardine introduction in the middle of the last century led to a threefold decrease of zooplankton biomass, it did not affect zooplankton production to a level which would lead to the collapse of the food web and of the fishery.