[en] This study explored the validity of an attentional account for the involvement of the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in visual STM tasks. This account considers that during STM tasks, the IPS acts as an attentional modulator, maintaining activation in long-term memory networks that underlie the initial perception and processing of the specific information to be retained. In a recognition STM paradigm, we presented sequences of unfamiliar faces and instructed the participants to remember different types of information: either the identity of the faces or their order of presentation. We hypothesized that, if the left IPS acts as an attentional modulator, it should be active in both conditions, but connected to different neural networks specialized in serial order or face identity processing. Our results showed that the left IPS was activated during both order and identity encoding conditions, but for different reasons. During order encoding, the left IPS showed functional connectivity with order processing areas in the right IPS, bilateral premotor and cerebellar cortices, reproducing earlier results obtained in a verbal STM experiment. During identity encoding, the left IPS showed preferential functional connectivity with right temporal, inferior parietal and medial frontal areas involved in detailed face processing. These results not only support an attentional account of left IPS involvement in visual STM, but given their similarity with previous results obtained for a verbal STM task, they further highlight the importance of the left IPS as an attentional modulator in a variety of STM tasks.
Awh E., Jonides J., Smith E.E., Schumacher E.H., Koeppe R.A., and Katz S. Dissociation of storage and rehearsal in verbal working memory: evidence from positron emission tomography. Psychol. Sci. (1996) 25-31
Awh E., Jonides J., Smith E.E., Buxton R.B., Frank L.R., Love T., Wong E.C., and Gmeindl L. Rehearsal in spatial working memory: evidence from neuroimaging. Psychol. Sci. 10 (1999) 437-443
Baddeley A.D., and Hitch G.J. Working memory. In: Bower G.H. (Ed). The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (1974), Academic Press, San Diego, CA 47-90
Baddeley A.D., Della Salla S., and Spinnler H. The two-component hypothesis of memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 13 (1991) 372-380
Basso A., Spinnler H., Vallar G., and Zanobio M.E. Left hemisphere damage and selective impairment of auditory verbal short-term memory. A case study. Neuropsychologia 20 (1982) 263-274
Bricolo E., Gianesini T., Fanini A., Bundesen C., and Chelazzi L. Serial attention mechanisms in visual search: a direct behavioral demonstration. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 14 (2002) 980-993
Brown G.D.A., Preece T., and Hulme C. Oscillator-based memory for serial order. Psychol. Rev. (2000) 127-181
Burgess N., and Hitch G.J. Memory for serial order: a network model of the phonological loop and its timing. Psychol. Rev. 106 (1999) 551-581
Cairo T.A., Liddle P.F., Woodward T.S., and Ngan E.T. The influence of working memory load on phase specific patterns of cortical activity. Cogn. Brain Res. 21 (2004) 377-387
Chen S.H., and Desmond J.E. Temporal dynamics of cerebro-cerebellar network recruitment during a cognitive task. Neuropsychologia 43 (2005) 1227-1237
Chochon F., Cohen L., van de Moortele P.F., and Dehaene S. Differential contributions of the left and right inferior parietal lobules to number processing. J. Cogn. Neurosci. (1999) 617-630
Corbetta M., and Shulman G.L. Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nat. Rev., Neurosci. 3 (2002) 201-215
Corbetta M., Miezin F.M., Shulman G.L., and Petersen S.E. A PET study of visuospatial attention. J. Neurosci. 13 (1993) 1202-1226
Corbetta M., Shulman G.L., Miezin F., and Petersen S. Superior parietal cortex activation during spatial attention shifts and visual feature conjunction. Science 270 (1995) 802-805
Corbetta M., Kincade J.M., Ollinger J.M., McAvoy M.P., and Shulman G.L. Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 3 (2000) 292-297
Cowan N. Attention and Memory: An Integrated Framework (1995), Oxford Univ. Press, New York
Cowan N. An embedded-processes model of working memory. In: Miyake A., and Shah P. (Eds). Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control (1999), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 62-101
Cowan N. Working Memory Capacity (2005), Psychology Press, New York
Donner T., Kettermann A., Diesch E., Ostendorf F., Villringer A., and Brandt S.A. Involvement of the human frontal eye field and multiple parietal areas in covert visual selection during conjunction search. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12 (2000) 3407-3414
Druzgal T.J., and D'Esposito M. Dissecting contributions of prefrontal cortex and fusiform face area to face working memory. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15 (2003) 771-784
Fiez J.A., Raife E.A., Balota D.A., Schwartz J.P., Raichle M.E., and Petersen S.E. A positron emission tomography study of the short-term maintenance of verbal information. J. Neurosci. 16 (1996) 808-822
Friston K.J., Buechel C., Fink G.R., Morris J., Rolls E., and Dolan R.J. Psychophysiological and modulatory interactions in neuroimaging. NeuroImage 6 (1997) 218-229
Gitelman D.R., Penny W.D., Ashburner J., and Friston K.J. Modeling regional and psychophysiologic interactions in fMRI: the importance of hemodynamic deconvolution. NeuroImage 19 (2003) 200-207
Gupta P. Examining the relationship between word learning, nonword repetition and immediate serial recall in adults. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (2003) 1213-1236
Haxby J.V., Hoffman E.A., and Gobbini M.I. The distributed human neural system for face perception. Trends Cogn. Sci. 4 (2000) 223-233
Henson R.N.A., Burgess N., and Frith C.D. Recoding, storage, rehearsal, and grouping in verbal short-term memory: an fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 38 (2000) 426-440
Henson R., Hartley T., Burgess N., Hitch G., and Flude B. Selective interference with verbal short-term memory for serial order information: a new paradigm and tests of a timing-signal hypothesis. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (2003) 1307-1334
Henson R.N., Goshen-Gottstein Y., Ganel T., Otten L.J., Quayle A., and Rugg M.D. Electrophysiological and haemodynamic correlates of face perception, recognition and priming. Cereb. Cortex 13 (2003) 793-805
Iidaka T., Matsumoto A., Nogawa J., Yamamoto Y., and Sadato N. Frontoparietal network involved in successful retrieval from episodic memory. Spatial and temporal analyses using fMRI and ERP. Cereb. Cortex 16 (2006) 1349-1360
Kanwisher N., McDermott J., and Chun M.M. The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialised for face perception. J. Neurosci. 17 (1997) 4302-4311
Keenan J.P., McCutcheon B., and Pascual-Leone A. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and event related potentials suggest right prefrontal activation for self-related processing. Brain Cogn. 47 (2001) 87-91
Koch K., Wagner G., von Consbruch K., Nenadic I., Schultz C., Ehle C., Reichenbach J., Sauer H., and Schlösser R. Temporal changes in neural activation during practice of information retrieval from short-term memory: an fMRI study. Brain Res. 1107 (2006) 140-150
Levy R., Friedman H.R., Davachi L., and Goldman-Rakic P.S. Differential activation of the caudate nucleus in primates performing spatial and nonspatial working memory tasks. J. Neurosci. 17 (1997) 3870-3882
Linden D.E.J., Bittner R.A., Muckli L., Waltz J.A., Kriegeskorte N., Goebel R., Singer W., and Munk M.H.J. Cortical capacity for visual working memory: dissociation of fMRI load effects in a fronto-parietal network. NeuroImage 20 (2003) 1518-1530
Majerus S., Van der Linden M., Poncelet M., and Metz-Lutz M.N. Can phonological and semantic short-term memory be dissociated? Further evidence Landau-Kleffner Syndrome. Cogn. Neuropsychol. 21 (2004) 491-512
Majerus S., Van der Kaa M.A., Renard C., Van der Linden M., and Poncelet M. Treating verbal short-term memory deficits by increasing the duration of temporary phonological representations: a case study. Brain Lang. 95 (2005) 174-175
Majerus S., Poncelet M., Elsen B., and Van der Linden M. Exploring the relationship between verbal short-term memory for serial order and item information and new word learning in adults. Eur. J. Cogn. Psychol. 18 (2006) 848-873
Majerus S., Poncelet M., Greffe C., and Van der Linden M. Relations between vocabulary development and verbal short-term memory: the importance of short-term memory for serial order information. J. Exp. Child Psychol. 93 (2006) 95-119
Majerus S., Poncelet M., Van der Linden M., Albouy G., Salmon E., Sterpenich V., Vandewalle G., Collette F., and Maquet P. The left intraparietal sulcus and verbal short-term memory: focus of attention or serial order?. NeuroImage 32 (2006) 880-891
Majerus, S., Van der Linden, M., Braissand, V., Eliez, S., in press. An investigation of verbal short-term memory in children and adults with a 22q11.2 deletion. A specific deficit for the retention of serial order information? Am. J. Ment. Retard.
Marshuetz C. Order information in working memory: an integrative review of evidence from brain and behavior. Psychol. Bull. 131 (2005) 323-339
Marshuetz C., and Smith E.E. Working memory for order information: multiple cognitive and neural mechanisms. Neuroscience 139 (2006) 195-200
Marshuetz C., Smith E.E., Jonides J., DeGutis J., and Chenevert T.L. Order information in working memory: fMRI evidence for parietal and prefrontal mechanisms. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12 (2000) 130-144
Marshuetz C., Reuter-Lorenz P.A., Smith E.E., Jonides J., and Noll D.C. Working memory for order and the parietal cortex: an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience 139 (2006) 311-316
Muller N.G., Donner T.H., Bartelt O.A., Brandt S.A., Villringer A., and Kleinschmidt A. The functional neuroanatomy of visual conjunction search: a parametric fMRI study. NeuroImage 20 (2003) 1578-1590
Nakamura K., Kawashima R., Sato N., Nakamura A., Sugiura M., Kato T., Hatano K., Itoh K., Fukuda H., Schormann T., and Zilles K. Functional delineation of the human occipito-temporal areas related to face and scene processing. A PET study. Brain 123 (2000) 1903-1912
Ollinger J.M., Shulman G.L., and Corbetta M. Separating processes within a trial in event-related fMRI: I. The method. NeuroImage 13 (2001) 210-217
Paulesu E., Frith C.D., and Frackowiak R.S.J. The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature 362 (1993) 342-345
Perrett D.I., Hietanen J.K., Oram M.W., and Benson P.J. Organization and functions of cells responsive to faces in the temporal cortex. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, B 335 (1992) 23-30
Pessoa L., Gutierrez E., Bandettini P.A., and Ungerleider L. Neural corelates of visual working memory: fMRI amplitude predicts task performance. Neuron 35 (2002) 975-987
Phillips P.J., Wechsler H., Huang J., and Rauss P. The FERET database and evaluation procedure for face recognition algorithms. Image Vis. Comput. J. 16 (1998) 295-306
Platek S.M., Keenan J.P., and Mohamed F.B. Sex differences in the neural correlates of child facial resemblance: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage 25 (2005) 1336-1344
Platek S.M., Loughead J.W., Gur R.C., Busch S., Ruparel K., Phend N., Panyavin I.S., and Langleben D.D. Neural substrates for functionally discriminating self-face from personally familiar faces. Hum. Brain Mapp. 27 (2006) 91-98
Postle B.R., Druzgal T.J., and D'Esposito M. Seeking the neural substrates of visual working memory storage. Cortex 39 (2003) 927-946
Puce A., Allison T., Bentin S., Gore J.C., and McCarthy G. Temporal cortex activation in humans viewing eye and mouth movements. J. Neurosci. 18 (1998) 2188-2199
Rao S.M., Mayer A.R., and Harrington D.L. The evolution of brain activation during temporal processing. Nat. Neurosci. 4 (2001) 317-323
Ravizza S.M., Delgado M.R., Chein J.M., Becker J.T., and Fiez J.A. Functional dissociations within the inferior parietal cortex in verbal working memory. NeuroImage 22 (2004) 562-573
Raz A., and Buhle J. Typologies of attentional networks. Nat. Rev., Neurosci. 7 (2006) 367-379
Ruchkin D.S., Grafman J., Cameron K., and Berndt R.S. Working memory retention systems: a state of activated long-term memory. Behav. Brain Sci. 26 (2003) 709-777
Salmon E., Van der Linden M., Collette F., Delfiore G., Maquet P., Degueldre C., Luxen A., and Franck G. Regional brain activity during working memory tasks. Brain 119 (1996) 1617-1625
Schmahmann J.D., Doyon J., McDonald D., Holmes C., Lavoie K., Hurwitz A.S., Kabani N., Toga A., Evans A., and Petrides M. Three-dimensional MRI atlas of the human cerebellum in proportional stereotaxic space. NeuroImage 10 (1999) 233-260
Smyth M.M., Dennis C.H., and Hitch G. Serial reconstruction in the visuo-spatial domain: reconstructing sequences of unfamiliar faces. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 58A (2005) 909-930
Sommer T., Rose M., and Büchel C. Dissociable parietal systems for primacy and subsequent memory. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 85 (2006) 243-251
Sugiura M., Kawashima R., Nakamura K., Okada K., Kato T., Nakamura A., Hatano K., Itoh K., Kojima S., and Fukuda H. Passive and active recognition of one's own face. NeuroImage 11 (2000) 36-48
Todd J.J., and Marois R. Capacity limit of visual short-term memory in human posterior parietal cortex. Nature 428 (2004) 751-754
Todd J.J., Fougnie D., and Marois R. Visual short-term memory load suppresses temporo-parietal junction activity and induces inattentional blindness. Psychol. Sci. 16 (2005) 965-972
Ungerleider L.G., Courtney S.M., and Haxby J.V. A neural system for human visual working memory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95 (1998) 883-890
Warrington E.K., and Shallice T. The selective impairment of auditory verbal short-term memory. Brain (1969) 885-896
Worsley K.J., Marrett S., Neelin P., and Evans A.C. Searching scale space for activation in PET images. Hum. Brain Mapp. 4 (1996) 74-90
