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UBC Theses and Dissertations
Por donde se sube al cielo (1882) : visión estética de la prostitución social y material de la mujer y el arte : una doble metáfora en la novela inédita de Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera Avilés-Galan, Miguel Ángel
Abstract
This thesis examines within the context of Mexican Porfiriato in the late nineteenth-century, the Modernismo's aesthetical representation of social modernization and artistic conditions in Mexico City, as feminized metaphors of prostitution, by studying an unknown and recently discovered novel Por donde se sube al cielo (1882) written by the Mexican author Manuel Gutierrez Najera (1859- 1895), and published for the first time in Mexico in 1994. Utilizing historical materialism and theoretical modes suggested by Francoise Perus, Angel Rama, Peter Burger, Jean Franco, Doris Sommer, and others, it is argued that Gutierrez Najera constructed in his text a double feminized metaphor of prostitution, on the one hand social and material, and on the other hand aesthetical and ethical (moral values). Consequently, Por donde se sube al cielo is analyzed from an ideological standpoint, as a novel with a clear stance for the institutionalization of art and claims for its autonomy. Complex nation-building processes are discussed as part of the historical backgrounds for Gutierrez Najera's novel, and the challenges faced by modernistas (modernist) writers in the late nineteen century are explored too. Chapter one provides a wide overview of the Modernismo literary criticism, and lays out the main perspectives by analyzing its theoretical and methodological proposals. Chapter two provides the specific literary criticism that has been made for Manuel Gutierrez Najera work -poetry, prose, news paper chronicles and literary criticism- and at the same time presents the theoretical considerations needed to understand Gutierrez Najera's connections to the emergent print press, the literary Modernismo cultural project and Najera's political and social ideas. Chapters one and two engage in a discussion of the larger debate about the modernista novel and the print press novel known as "folletines" (serial stories). In this view, the autonomy of art and the literature for the elites, proposed by Gutierrez Najera's agenda, collided with the Liberal and national narrative discourses for the masses of the Porfiristas. Chapter three focuses on the analysis of the text. It provides both the historical and literary background needed to contextualize Gutierrez Najera's life, literary production, and the construction of the social, legal and pseudo scientific discourse or positivist point of view for femininity during the Porfiriato, and how this discourses are reflected in Por donde se sube al cielo. Finally, this last chapter compares tete a tete the "folletin" structure, format, plot, theme, literary devices and many other features with Gutierrez Najera's text. Emphasis is giving to the depiction of the women known as comediantas (chorus line girls in the cabaret theatre) as social prostitutes and symbols of artistic degradation, in opposition to the traditional role of domesticity, by raising women within the Christian morals and prepared them for being socially acceptable and future mothers. This thesis concludes with a call for Manuel Gutierrez Najera's work to be reconsidered, and recognized for its contributions to the discourse of Modernismo and to the institutionalization and autonomy of art projects of the nineteen-century Mexican intellectuals.
Item Metadata
Title |
Por donde se sube al cielo (1882) : visión estética de la prostitución social y material de la mujer y el arte : una doble metáfora en la novela inédita de Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera
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Creator | |
Publisher |
University of British Columbia
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Date Issued |
2004
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Description |
This thesis examines within the context of Mexican Porfiriato in the late
nineteenth-century, the Modernismo's aesthetical representation of social
modernization and artistic conditions in Mexico City, as feminized metaphors of
prostitution, by studying an unknown and recently discovered novel Por donde se
sube al cielo (1882) written by the Mexican author Manuel Gutierrez Najera (1859-
1895), and published for the first time in Mexico in 1994. Utilizing historical
materialism and theoretical modes suggested by Francoise Perus, Angel Rama,
Peter Burger, Jean Franco, Doris Sommer, and others, it is argued that Gutierrez
Najera constructed in his text a double feminized metaphor of prostitution, on the
one hand social and material, and on the other hand aesthetical and ethical (moral
values). Consequently, Por donde se sube al cielo is analyzed from an ideological
standpoint, as a novel with a clear stance for the institutionalization of art and claims
for its autonomy. Complex nation-building processes are discussed as part of the
historical backgrounds for Gutierrez Najera's novel, and the challenges faced by
modernistas (modernist) writers in the late nineteen century are explored too.
Chapter one provides a wide overview of the Modernismo literary criticism, and
lays out the main perspectives by analyzing its theoretical and methodological
proposals. Chapter two provides the specific literary criticism that has been made for
Manuel Gutierrez Najera work -poetry, prose, news paper chronicles and literary
criticism- and at the same time presents the theoretical considerations needed to
understand Gutierrez Najera's connections to the emergent print press, the literary
Modernismo cultural project and Najera's political and social ideas. Chapters one
and two engage in a discussion of the larger debate about the modernista novel and
the print press novel known as "folletines" (serial stories). In this view, the autonomy
of art and the literature for the elites, proposed by Gutierrez Najera's agenda,
collided with the Liberal and national narrative discourses for the masses of the
Porfiristas. Chapter three focuses on the analysis of the text. It provides both the
historical and literary background needed to contextualize Gutierrez Najera's life,
literary production, and the construction of the social, legal and pseudo scientific
discourse or positivist point of view for femininity during the Porfiriato, and how this
discourses are reflected in Por donde se sube al cielo.
Finally, this last chapter compares tete a tete the "folletin" structure, format, plot,
theme, literary devices and many other features with Gutierrez Najera's text.
Emphasis is giving to the depiction of the women known as comediantas (chorus line
girls in the cabaret theatre) as social prostitutes and symbols of artistic degradation,
in opposition to the traditional role of domesticity, by raising women within the
Christian morals and prepared them for being socially acceptable and future
mothers. This thesis concludes with a call for Manuel Gutierrez Najera's work to be
reconsidered, and recognized for its contributions to the discourse of Modernismo
and to the institutionalization and autonomy of art projects of the nineteen-century
Mexican intellectuals.
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Extent |
16958104 bytes
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Genre | |
Type | |
File Format |
application/pdf
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Language |
eng
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Date Available |
2009-11-21
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Provider |
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
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Rights |
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.
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DOI |
10.14288/1.0091490
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URI | |
Degree | |
Program | |
Affiliation | |
Degree Grantor |
University of British Columbia
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Graduation Date |
2004-05
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Campus | |
Scholarly Level |
Graduate
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Aggregated Source Repository |
DSpace
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Item Media
Item Citations and Data
Rights
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.