東魏北齊革命と『魏書』の編纂

Abstract

This study argues that the Weishu 魏書, a critical work in the study of the history of the Northern Wei 北魏, is a history whose production is intimately connected to the dynastic change From the Eastern Wei 東魏 to the Northern Qi 北齊. The compilation and editing of the histories of the Northern Dynasties was a delicate matter as it involved the sensitivities of the populace, and at the close of the Northern Wei a system was formed in which several historians 修國史 worked to together to compile an official history in the Historiographical Bureau 修史局, which was established under a Chief Compiler of the Dynastic History 監國史. A high-ranking official from the Turkic Dai people 代人 was assigned as Chief Compiler of the Dynastic History to versee the editing of the ethnic Han historians. However, at the point of transition from the Eastern Wei to the Northern Qi, Han officials began to serve as Chief Compiler of the Dynastic History as well as historians. The Weishu was the history that appeared precisely at this turning point. The compilation of the history of the Northern Wei was begun during the reign of Daowu-di 道武帝, however when one reviews this history, the histories written prior to Xiaowen-di 孝文帝 did not distinguish between the period prior to Daowu-di and that after him. In other words, one realizes that the periods prior to and after the advance of the Northern Wei into central China were understood as a single historical continuum. The periods before and after the advance into central China were clearly distinguished only after Xiaowen-di bestowed the posthumous title of great founder 太祖 on Daowu-di. After the implementation of Xiaowen-di's policy of sinicization, there was an increasingly strong push with ethnic Han historians playing a central role to make the starting point of the history an era of Huangshi 皇始, the Chinese-style system introduced by Daowu-di. Thereafter, consensus could not be reached on how the history of the Northern Wei should be viewed, and the compilation and editing of an official history was not carried out. Moreover, after the collapse of the Northern Wei, when Dai officials critical of Xiaowen-di's policy of sinicization assumed the reigns of political power, there arose a push for a Dai official to create the dynastic history, and the system of a Chief Compiler of the Dynastic History was created. Transformation of the view of history was realized with the dynastic shift from the Eastern Wei to the Northern Qi. The revolutionary cession of power from the Eastern Wei to the Northern Qi was also a ceding of power from the Yuan clan 元氏 of Henan Luoyang 河南洛陽 to the Gao clan 高氏 of Bohai Tiao 渤海蓚, in short, from barbarian to Han rule. Additionally, those that helped Gao Yang 高洋 to the throne at this time were ethnic Han aristocratic families from Shandong. The Weishu is a history that legitimizes this revolution in history. Reflecting the view of history of the Han aristocracy, the Weishu is the earliest dynastic history to depict the history of Northern Wei as that of a dynasty of central China founded by Daowu-di.