哲学的ゾンビ同士に、社会は存在するか? : N.ルーマンの社会システム論に於ける哲学的諸命題に関する一考察

Abstract

社会は｢いかにあるか｣､ ｢いかにして可能か｣｡これらは社会は｢在る｣ことを自明視した上に初めて成立する問いである｡しかし､これまで｢なぜ社会はあると言えるのか｣という哲学的な問いについては､思いの外､不問に付されてきたように思われる｡哲学で問題になる存在(者)は専ら心と身体(を始めとする物理的存在)に尽きる一方､心身に還元できないものとして社会を固有の分析対象とする社会学自身が社会の実在性を問題とすることは殆どなかったからである｡勿論､それが｢社会の捉え方｣と無関係であるのなら､少なくとも社会学的な問いとしては浮上して来ないのであるから何の問題もないであろう｡だが､果たして｢社会が在ることの捉え方｣と｢社会の捉え方｣とは無関係であり得るのだろうか? 本稿は､ N.ルーマンの社会システム論を介して､この両者の関係を浮き彫りにしようとする試論である｡そしてその際､ ｢哲学的ゾンビ｣という概念に着目する｡

Philosophical zombies have no consciousness. So according to Niklas Luhmann's Social System Theory, communication cannot exist among them. They cannot communicate with one another. But it appears as if they can. Which is the real aspect of society? Is there anything about communication among them, between you and them? To be or not to be, that's the main question of this essay. As far as you believe that there is with no reason, you cannot tell why society is able to exist. So almost no one has ever explained the reason in fact. But only the Social System Theory can show you the answer. Even if only one person lives on the earth, this theory can work because of the fact that he/she has consciousness. The one is able to communicate with anything that he/she treats as a person. So you don't know what/how the whole society is, but you can tell that it's there. Whether or not you are the one, there is something about communication between you and 'them'. Of course you cannot discern, by all appearances, a Philosophical zombie from a human being. Therefore yon don't know how many people contribute to the formation of society. In other words, there is no person in the privileged situation to grasp a whole society image. However it is possible to say that the society you contribute to form exists. Even if all of the other people were actually philosophical zombies, only the Social System Theory could work.