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Phaeodaria: Diverse Marine Cercozoans of World-Wide Distribution

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Marine Protists

Abstract

Phaeodarians are unicellular marine protists characterized by the “central capsule” containing the nucleus, the “phaeodium”, or mass of brown particles, and a siliceous skeleton called the “scleracoma”. Phaeodaria have long been classified as a member of the Radiolaria; however, this protist group now belongs to the phylum Cercozoa. The ancestor of phaeodarians is thought to have appeared in the upper Triassic Epoch according to the fossil record. They reproduce by cell division and swarmer production. These plankton are heterotrophic, and they presumably feed on organic materials suspended in the water column or capture other plankton. Although this group is widely distributed in the world ocean from the surface to deep waters, they have attracted little attention from marine researchers partly because their abundance has long been underestimated. Recent study, however, revealed that phaeodarians are more numerous than expected, and their high abundance is sometimes reported. Considering their occasional high biomass and the fact that their scleracoma is made chiefly from silica, this plankton group plays an important role in local ecosystems and has a large impact in the silica cycle of the ocean. Knowledge of phaeodarian is indispensable for future oceanography; therefore the hitherto-known information on this marine protist is comprehensively reviewed in this chapter.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the members of the oceanic plankton group of the Station Biologique de Roscoff of CNRS for their kind advice and their assistance in sampling. Appreciation is also due to Dr. Ichiro Imai and the members of the Plankton Laboratory of Hokkaido University for their advice about writing. We are grateful to Dr. Jörg Maletz of Freie Universität Berlin for helpful comments concerning the Cambrian phaeodarians and to Dr. Akihiro Tuji of National Museum of Nature and Science for technical counsel. The comments of three anonymous reviewers and the editor also greatly improved the manuscript. This study was financially supported by Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (No. 26–2889), and by the Cooperative Research Project with Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), “Morpho-molecular Diversity Assessment of Ecologically, Evolutionary, and Geologically Relevant Marine Plankton (Radiolaria)” by the Strategic International Research Cooperative Program hosted by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plankton Laboratory, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan

    Yasuhide Nakamura

  2. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan

    Noritoshi Suzuki

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  1. Yasuhide Nakamura
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Correspondence to Yasuhide Nakamura .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Takehara Marine Science Station, Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Takehara, Hiroshima, Japan

    Susumu Ohtsuka

  2. Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Toshinobu Suzaki

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Takeo Horiguchi

  4. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Noritoshi Suzuki

  5. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que – CNRS, University Pierre and Marie Curie – UPMC Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France

    Fabrice Not

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Nakamura, Y., Suzuki, N. (2015). Phaeodaria: Diverse Marine Cercozoans of World-Wide Distribution. In: Ohtsuka, S., Suzaki, T., Horiguchi, T., Suzuki, N., Not, F. (eds) Marine Protists. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55130-0_9

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