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U–Pb and Hf-isotope analysis of zircons in mafic xenoliths from Fuxian kimberlites: evolution of the lower crust beneath the North China craton

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Abstract

Mafic xenoliths from the Paleozoic Fuxian kimberlites in the North China craton include garnet granulite, and minor pyroxene amphibolite, metagabbro, anorthosite and pyroxenite. The formation conditions of the amphibolites are estimated at 745–820 °C and 7.6–8.8 Kb (25–30 km); the granulites probably are derived from greater depths in the lower crust. LAM-ICPMS U–Pb dating of zircons from four granulites reveals multiple age populations, recording episodes of magmatic intrusion and metamorphic recrystallisation. Concordant ages and upper intercept ages, interpreted as minimum estimates for the time of magmatic crystallisation, range from 2,620 to 2,430 Ma in three granulites, two amphibolites and two metagabbros. Lower intercept ages, represented by near-concordant zircons, are interpreted as reflecting metamorphic recrystallisation, and range from 1,927 to 1,852 Ma. One granulite contains two metamorphic zircon populations, dated at 1,927±55 Ma and 600–700 Ma. Separated minerals from one granulite and one amphibolite yield Sm–Nd isochron ages of 1,619±48 Ma (143Nd/144Nd)i=0.51078), and 1,716±120 Ma (143Nd/144Nd)i=0.51006), respectively. These ages are interpreted as recording cooling following metamorphic resetting; model ages for both samples are in the range 2.40–2.66 Ga. LAM-MC-ICPMS analyses of zircon show a range in 176Hf/177Hf from 0.28116 to 0.28214, corresponding to a range of εHf from −34 to +12. The relationships between 207Pb/206Pb age and εHf show that: (1) the granulites, amphibolites and metagabbro were derived from a depleted mantle source at 2.6–2.75 Ga; (2) zircons in most samples underwent recrystallisation and Pb loss for 100–200 Ma after magmatic crystallisation, consistent with a residence in the lower crust; (3) metamorphic zircons in several samples represent new zircon growth, incorporating Hf liberated from breakdown of silicates with high Lu/Hf; (4) in other samples metamorphic and magmatic zircons have identical 176Hf/177Hf, and the younger ages reflect complete resetting of U–Pb systems in older zircons. The Fuxian mafic xenoliths are interpreted as the products of basaltic underplating, derived from a depleted mantle source in Neoarchean time, an important period of continental growth in the North China craton. Paleoproterozoic metamorphic ages indicate an important tectonic thermal event in the lower crust at 1.8–1.9 Ga, corresponding to the timing of collision between the Eastern and Western Blocks that led to the final assembly of the North China craton. The growth of metamorphic zircon at 600–700 Ma may record an asthenospheric upwelling in Neoproterozoic time, related to uplift and a regional disconformity in the North China craton.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Norman Pearson, Elena Belousova, Suzy Elhlou and Carol Lawson for their constant and patient assistance with analytical work. Norman Pearson and Elena Belousova also assisted considerately with interpretation of analytical results. This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (40072021, 40133020 and 40273001) and the ACILP AusAID Program (SYO’R and WLG). We thank Bill Collins, Marc Norman and David Nelson for constructive reviews. This is contribution no. 354 from the ARC National Key Centre for Geochemical Evolution and Metallogeny of Continents (http://www.es.mq.edu.au/GEMOC/).

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  1. Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Jianping Zheng, Fengxiang Lu & Chunmei Yu

  2. GEMOC ARC National Key Centre, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Jianping Zheng, W. L. Griffin, Suzanne Y. O’Reilly & Ming Zhang

  3. CSIRO Exploration and Mining, North Ryde, NSW, 1067, Australia

    W. L. Griffin

  4. Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Tianjin, 300170, China

    Huimin Li

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Zheng, J., Griffin, W.L., O’Reilly, S.Y. et al. U–Pb and Hf-isotope analysis of zircons in mafic xenoliths from Fuxian kimberlites: evolution of the lower crust beneath the North China craton. Contrib Mineral Petrol 148, 79–103 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-004-0587-x

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