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An experimental study of dissolution–reprecipitation in fluorapatite: fluid infiltration and the formation of monazite

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Abstract

In a series of timed experiments, monazite inclusions are induced to form in the Durango fluorapatite using 1 and 2 N HCl and H2SO4 solutions at temperatures of 300, 600, and 900°C and pressures of 500 and 1,000 MPa. The monazite inclusions form only in reacted areas, i.e. depleted in (Y+REE)+Si+Na+S+Cl. In the HCl experiments, the reaction front between the reacted and unreacted regions is sharp, whereas in the H2SO4 experiments it ranges from sharp to diffuse. In the 1 N HCl experiments, Ostwald ripening of the monazite inclusions took place both as a function of increased reaction time as well as increased temperature and pressure. Monazite growth was more sluggish in the H2SO4 experiments. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigation of foils cut across the reaction boundary in a fluorapatite from the 1 N HCl experiment (600°C and 500 MPa) indicate that the reacted region along the reaction front is characterized by numerous, sub-parallel, 10–20 nm diameter nano-channels. TEM investigation of foils cut from a reacted region in a fluorapatite from the 1 N H2SO4 experiment at 900°C and 1,000 MPa indicates a pervasive nano-porosity, with the monazite inclusions being in direct contact with the surrounding fluorapatite. For either set of experiments, reacted areas in the fluorapatite are interpreted as replacement reactions, which proceed via a moving interface or reaction front associated with what is essentially a simultaneous dissolution–reprecipitation process. The formation of a micro- and nano-porosity in the metasomatised regions of the fluorapatite allows fluids to permeate the reacted areas. This permits rapid mass transfer in the form of fluid-aided diffusion of cations to and from the growing monazite inclusions. Nano-channels and nano-pores also serve as sites for nucleation and the subsequent growth of the monazite inclusions.

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Acknowledgements

Jan Lindsey is thanked for providing the crystal of the Durango fluorapatite used in this study, which she collected on excursion to Durango, Mexico. We thank Dieter Rhede and Oona Appelt for support with the microprobe. Helga Kemnitz is acknowledged for assistance with the SEM. Killian Pollack, Andrew Putnis, and Rainer Abart are thanked for useful discussions. Roland Hellman is thanked for critically reading an earlier version of this manuscript. Joe Pyle, Thorsten Geisler, and Franck Poitrasson are thanked for their insightful and helpful reviews, which greatly helped to clarify and improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Daniel E. Harlov, Richard Wirth & Hans-Jürgen Förster

  2. Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Potsdam, 601553, 14415, Potsdam, Germany

    Hans-Jürgen Förster

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  1. Daniel E. Harlov
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  2. Richard Wirth
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  3. Hans-Jürgen Förster
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Correspondence to Daniel E. Harlov.

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Editorial Responsibility: F. Poitrasson

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Harlov, D.E., Wirth, R. & Förster, HJ. An experimental study of dissolution–reprecipitation in fluorapatite: fluid infiltration and the formation of monazite. Contrib Mineral Petrol 150, 268–286 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-005-0017-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-005-0017-8

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