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Geochemistry of highly saline fluids in siliciclastic sequences: genetic implications for post-Variscan fluid flow in the Moravosilesian Palaeozoic of the Czech Republic

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Abstract

Ubiquitous post-Variscan dolomites occur in Zn–Pb–Cu veins at the Nízký Jeseník Mountains and the Upper Silesian Basin (Lower and Upper Carboniferous siliciclastics at the eastern part of the Bohemian Massif). Crush–leach, stable isotope (oxygen and carbon) and microthermometry analysis of the fluid inclusions in dolomites enable understanding the geochemistry, origin and possible migration pathways of the fluids. Homogenisation temperatures of fluid inclusions range between 66 and 148°C, with generally higher temperatures in the Nízký Jeseník Mountains area than in the Upper Silesian Basin. The highest homogenisation temperatures (up to 148°C) have been found near major regional faults and the lowest in a distant position or at higher stratigraphic levels. Highly saline (16.6–28.4 eq. wt% NaCl) H2O–NaCl–CaCl2 ± MgCl2 fluids occur in inclusions. Na–Cl–Br systematics of trapped fluids and a calculated oxygen isotopic fluid composition between −0.9 and +3.0‰ V-SMOW indicate that the fluid was derived from evaporated seawater. Stable isotopic modelling has been used to explain stable isotopic trends. Isotopic values (δ13C = −6.0/+2.0‰ V-PDB, δ18O = +15.5/+22.5‰ V-SMOW of dolomites) resulted from fractionation and crystallisation within an open system at temperatures between 80 and 160°C. Rock-buffering explains the isotopic composition at low w/r ratios. Organic matter maturation caused the presence of isotopically light carbon in the fluids and fluid–rock interactions largely controlled the fluid chemistry (K, Li, Br and Na contents, K/Cl, I/Cl and Li/Cl molar ratios). The fluid chemistry reflects well the interaction between the fluid and underlying limestones as well as with clay- and organic-rich siliciclastics. No regional trends in temperature or fluid geochemistry favour a fluid migration model characterised by an important vertical upward migration along major faults. A permeable basement and fractured sedimentary sequence enhanced the general nature of the fluid system. Fluid characteristics are comparable with the main post-Variscan fluid flow systems in the Polish (Cracow-Silesian ore district) and German sedimentary basins.

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Acknowledgments

Petr Welser is sincerely thanked for providing samples and for stimulating discussions on the geology of the Upper Silesian Basin. Discussions with Vratislav Hurai and Jan Cempírek improved the paper. We are also grateful to G. R. J. Browning for his helpful comments and improvement of the text. We thank H. Nijs for the careful preparation of the doubly polished sections, I. Jačková, K. Malý and P. Čech for the stable isotope analysis. Critical comments of reviewers, Michel Dubois and Thilo Bechstaedt, contributed well to the quality of the paper and also editorial handling by Wolf-Christian Dullo is appreciated. The study was supported by grants (the Czech Science Foundation, the Ministery of Education) no. GAČR 205/00/0356, FRVŠ 584/2003, FRVŠ 568/2004 and MSM0021622412.

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  1. Institute of Geological Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jan Kučera & Marek Slobodník

  2. Geodynamics and Geofluids Research Group, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

    Philippe Muchez

  3. Department of Applied Geological Sciences and Geophysics, University of Leoben, Peter Tunner Strasse 5, 8700, Leoben, Austria

    Walter Prochaska

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  1. Jan Kučera
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Correspondence to Marek Slobodník.

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Table 4 Reconstructed compositiona of fluids from inclusions in dolomites
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Kučera, J., Muchez, P., Slobodník, M. et al. Geochemistry of highly saline fluids in siliciclastic sequences: genetic implications for post-Variscan fluid flow in the Moravosilesian Palaeozoic of the Czech Republic. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 99, 269–284 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0387-z

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