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Störungen des Betriebs geothermischer Anlagen durch mikrobielle Stoffwechselprozesse und Erfolg von Gegenmaßnahmen

Microbial metabolic processes affect the operation of geothermal plants and the success of countermeasures

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Zusammenfassung

In geothermischen Anlagen können Biofilme die Mineralbildung und die Injektivität von Bohrungen sowie die Materialbeständigkeit beeinträchtigen. In drei bezüglich Temperatur und Salinität sehr unterschiedlichen Anlagen waren Organismen des Schwefelkreislaufs an Betriebsstörungen beteiligt: Die erhöhte Abundanz von Sulfat-reduzierenden Bakterien (SRB) auf der kalten Seite eines Wärmespeichers wies auf deren Beteiligung an der Korrosion und der Abnahme der Injektivität hin. In allen Anlagen führte der Zutritt von Sauerstoff bzw. der Eintrag von Nitrat zu einer temporären Zunahme Schwefel-oxidierender Bakterien (SOB) und hat vermutlich Korrosionsprozesse beschleunigt. Außerdem hatte in einem Kältespeicher die temporäre Zunahme der SOB ein Filterclogging zur Folge. Aufgrund ihrer entscheidenden Rolle bei mikrobiell induzierter Korrosion (MIC) weisen Änderungen in der Abundanz von SOB und SRB auf die Ursachen mikrobiell bedingter Störungen hin. Zur Beseitigung der Störungen wurden temporäre Erhöhungen der Temperatur, Säuerungen sowie die Zugabe von Wasserstoffperoxid (H2O2) oder Nitrat in den Anlagen getestet und aus mikrobiologischer Sicht bewertet.

Abstract

In the context of geothermal systems, biofilms can influence mineral formation and material resistance against corrosion. In three geothermal plants with different salinity and temperature, organisms of the sulfur cycle have contributed to process failures. On the cold side of a heat store, the increased diversity and abundance of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) revealed their participation in corrosion processes and their contribution to a decline in injection efficiency. In all plants, a temporary ingress of oxygen or nitrate led to an increased abundance of sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) that might have accelerated corrosion. In addition, the increase in SOB abundance led to filter clogging in a cold store. Based on their role in microbial-induced corrosion (MIC), changes in the abundance of SOB and SRB may indicate the cause of failure. Measures to control microbial growth, mineral deposits and corrosion, such as temporary increases in temperature, acidification, and addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrate, were evaluated.

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Danksagung

Wir danken den Betreibern der geothermischen Anlagen in Neubrandenburg (Stadtwerke Neubrandenburg, insb. Herrn Beuster) und Bad Blumau (Rogner Geothermie GmbH) sowie dem Berliner Reichstag (insb. Herrn Schneider), die uns Zutritt zu den Anlagen ermöglichten und bei der Probennahme unterstützten. Darüber hinaus bedanken wir uns bei den beiden Reviewern für die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskripts. Bedanken möchten wir uns auch für die finanzielle Förderung durch das BMBF sowie das BMU und das BMWi. Die Forschungsarbeiten wurden im Rahmen der Projekte AquiScreen (BMU 0327634), MiProTherm (BMWi 0325201) und Thermo-Inhibitor (BMWi 0325424B) durchgeführt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sektion 5.3 Geomikrobiologie, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum – GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Deutschland

    Hilke Würdemann, Anke Westphal, Anne Kleyböcker, Rona Miethling-Graff, Sebastian Teitz, Monika Kasina & Stephanie Lerm

  2. BWG Geochemische Beratung GmbH, Seestr. 7A, 17033, Neubrandenburg, Deutschland

    Andrea Seibt

  3. Geothermie Neubrandenburg GmbH (GTN), Seestr. 7A, 17033, Neubrandenburg, Deutschland

    Markus Wolfgramm

  4. Hydroisotop GmbH, Woelkestr. 9, 85301, Schweitenkirchen, Deutschland

    Florian Eichinger

  5. Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-063, Krakow, Poland

    Monika Kasina

  6. Fachbereich Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaften, Hochschule Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217, Merseburg, Deutschland

    Hilke Würdemann

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  1. Hilke Würdemann
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Würdemann, H., Westphal, A., Kleyböcker, A. et al. Störungen des Betriebs geothermischer Anlagen durch mikrobielle Stoffwechselprozesse und Erfolg von Gegenmaßnahmen. Grundwasser 21, 93–106 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-016-0324-1

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