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Laboratory experiments on three-dimensional deformable granular landslides on planar and conical slopes

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Abstract

Landslides of subaerial and submarine origin may generate tsunamis with locally extreme amplitudes and runup. While the landslides themselves are dangerous, the hazards are compounded by the generation of tsunamis along coastlines, in enclosed water bodies, and off continental shelves and islands. Tsunamis generated by three-dimensional deformable granular landslides were studied on planar and conical hill slopes in the three-dimensional NEES tsunami wave basin at Oregon State University based on the generalized Froude similarity. A unique pneumatic landslide tsunami generator (LTG) was deployed to control the kinematics and acceleration of the naturally rounded river gravel and cobble landslides to simulate broad ranges of landslide shapes and velocities along the slope. Lateral and overhead cameras are used to measure the landslide shapes and kinematics, while acoustic transducers provide the shape of the subaqueous deposits. The subaerial landslide shape is extracted from the camera images as the landslide propagates under gravity down the hill slope, and surface reconstruction of the landslide is conducted using the stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) system on the conical hill slope. Subaerial landslide surface velocities are measured with a planar PIV system on the planar hill slope and stereo PIV system on the conical hill slope. The submarine deposits are characterized by the runout distances and the deposit thickness distributions. Larger cobbles are observed producing hummock type features near the maximum runout length. These unique laboratory landslide experiments serve to validate deformable landslide models as well as provide the source characteristics for tsunami generation.

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Acknowledgements

The data from this study may be obtained at data depot of the DesignSafe-CI website at www.designsafe-ci.org.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation awards: CMMI-0421090, CMMI-0936603, CMMI-0402490, CMMI-0927178, and CMMI-1563217; the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) through the Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) fellowship; and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through the Coastal Inlet Research Program (CIRP).

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  1. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA

    Brian C. McFall

  2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA

    Brian C. McFall, Fahad Mohammed, Hermann M. Fritz & Yibin Liu

  3. Research Division, Center for Property Risk Solutions, FM Global, 1151 Boston-Providence Tpke, Norwood, MA, USA

    Fahad Mohammed

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Correspondence to Brian C. McFall.

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McFall, B.C., Mohammed, F., Fritz, H.M. et al. Laboratory experiments on three-dimensional deformable granular landslides on planar and conical slopes. Landslides 15, 1713–1730 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-0984-2

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