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Historical museum collections help detect parasite species jumps after tilapia introductions in the Congo Basin

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Abstract

This study highlights the value of museum collections in invasion biology. It focuses on introduced tilapias, Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli in the Congo Basin and their monogenean (Platyhelminthes) gill parasite fauna. O. niloticus was introduced throughout the Congo Basin while C. rendalli was introduced into the Lower Congo, but is native to the Middle and Upper Congo. In order to study the impact of these stocking events on the native parasite community we investigate the co-introduction and host switching of their parasites. Post-introduction material is compared with pre-introduction samples from museum collections of 5 native tilapias in the Congo Basin. Nine of the known parasites of O. niloticus were co-introduced, while one, Cichlidogyrus rognoni, is missing and possibly not established. In contrast, no parasite species were found co-introduced with C. rendalli into the Lower Congo. The parasite fauna of Tilapia sparrmanii shared no species with O. niloticus. Oreochromis mweruensis shared five species with O. niloticus, but these were also found on the pre-introduction samples, and are considered native to both hosts. We report three putative host switches: Cichlidogyrus sclerosus and Cichlidogyrus tilapiae to Coptodon tholloni in the Lower Congo Basin and Gyrodactylus nyanzae to C. rendalli in the Upper Congo.

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Acknowledgements

We thank V Connors (University of South Carolina) for providing a language check and FAM Volckaert (KU Leuven) for proofreading the article. Furthermore, E Abwe, BK Manda, C Mukweze Mulelenu, M Kasongo Ilunga Kayaba and C Kalombo Kabalika (Université de Lubumbashi), W Fannes and G Cael (Royal Museum for Central Africa), M Collet and P N’Lemvo (Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature), D Kufulu-ne-Kongo (école Muilu Kiawanga), L Matondo Mbela (Université Kongo), P Nguizani Bimbundi, B Boki Fukiakanda, P Ntiama Nsiku (Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Mbanza-Ngungu), P Nzialu Mahinga (Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques—Mvuazi/Institut Supérieur d’études agronomiques—Mvuazi) and M Katumbi Chapwe are thanked for administrative, field and lab support, making this study possible. This research was supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BRAIN-be Pioneer Project (BR/132/PI/TILAPIA), the University Development Cooperation of the Flemish Interuniversity Council (VLIR-UOS) South Initiative ZRDC2014MP084, the OCA type II project S1_RDC_TILAPIA and the Mbisa Congo project (2013–2018), the latter two being framework agreement projects of the RMCA with the Belgian Development Cooperation. MWPJ is supported by a BOF Reserve Fellowship from Hasselt University. MPMV received travel Grant K220314N from the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) and support from the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid (CEBioS programme at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences). The research leading to results presented in this publication was carried out with infrastructure funded by EMBRC Belgium—FWO project GOH3817N. Fieldwork was carried out under mission statements 863/2014 (Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi), C/075/2015/I.S.P./MBNGU/AUT.AC and AC/076/2015/I.S.P./MBNGU/AUT.AC.

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Jorissen, M.W.P., Huyse, T., Pariselle, A. et al. Historical museum collections help detect parasite species jumps after tilapia introductions in the Congo Basin. Biol Invasions 22, 2825–2844 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02288-4

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