Abstract
To optimize the construction scheme of water-rich faults in long tunnels and ensure the safety of construction, mud and water inrush test must be performed. The orthogonal design method is used to perform a proportioning test, and similar materials for the mud and water inrush test are developed. Subsequently, the relationship between material parameters and control factors are quantitatively analyzed using a numerical method. Through range analysis, the influence rule and correlation of each factor on the material parameters are obtained. Through variance and multivariate regression analysis, it is found that the main control factor is crucial for controlling the corresponding parameters. In addition, based on multivariate regression analysis, a new empirical formula (regression model) is fitted and the residual analysis of the obtained model is performed. The results show that the regression model is normal. The maximum relative error of the fitting test data was used to remove the permeability coefficient, except for 16.7554% (< 20%), the remainder were less than 3%. This indicated that the test data were reasonable and the empirical formula reliable. The empirical formula can be used to determine the ratio of similar materials in soft surrounding rocks of water-rich faults quickly.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdollahipour A, Rahmannejad R (2013) Investigating the effects of lateral stress to vertical stress ratios and caverns shape on the cavern stability and sidewall displacements. Arab J Geosci 6(12):4811–4819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-012-0698-z
Bin L, Lichao N, Shucai L, Liping L, Jie S, Zhengyu L (2012) Numerical simulation and experimental research on real-time monitoring of tunnel water inrush disaster by resistivity tomography. J Geotechn Eng 34(11):2026–2035 (in chinese)
Brely L, Bosia F, Pugno N (2015) A hierarchical lattice spring model to simulate the mechanics of 2-D materials-based composites. Front Mater 2:51. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2015.00051
Dan M, Bai H (2015) Groundwater inflow prediction model of karst collapse pillar: a case study for mining-induced groundwater inrush risk. Nat Hazards 76(2):1319–1334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1551-3
Fan Tian-cheng, Zhou Chuan-bo, Jiang Nan, Ting-yao Wu (2018) Optimizing process of preparing artificial-similar material for rocky slope with uniform formula design. J Cent South Univ 25(12):2871–2882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-018-3959-5
Hao Y, Rong X, Lu H, Xiong Z, Dong X (2017) Quantification of margins and uncertainties for the risk of water inrush in a karst tunnel: representations of epistemic uncertainty with probability. Arab J Sci Eng 43(1–3):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2648-2
Istanbulluoglu E, Wang T, Wright OM, Lenters JD (2012) Interpretation of hydrologic trends from a water bal ance perspective: the role of groundwater storage in the budyko hypothesis. Water Resour Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010100
Jinhui L, Wenxiao L, Yusen L, Baoguo L (2018) Study on the proportion of similar materials in porous water-bearing rock layers. Rock Soil Mech 39(2):657–664. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2016.0421
Lee KM, Manjunath VR (2000) Experimental and numerical studies of geosynthetic-reinforced sand slopes loaded with a footing. Can Geotech J 37(4):828–842. https://doi.org/10.1139/t00-016
Li B, Wu Q (2019) Catastrophic evolution of water inrush from a water-rich fault in front of roadway development: a case study of the Hongcai coal mine. Mine Water Environ 38(2):421–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-018-00584-z
Li S, Liu R, Zhang Q, Zhang X (2016) Protection against water or mud inrush in tunnels by grouting: a review. J Rock Mech Geotechnical Eng 8(5):753–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.05.002
Luo L, Liu J, Jiang Y, Wang Z (2016) Study on the preparation factors of similar materials in tunnel lining shakingtable test. Subgrade Eng. https://doi.org/10.13379/j.issn.1003-8825.2016.04.26
Chen LW, Bai SW (2006) Experimental study on similar material ratio of rockburst tendency in brittle rock mass. Rock Soil Mech 27(s2):1050–1054 (in Chinese)
Ma D, Rezania M, Yu HS, Bai HB (2017) Variations of hydraulic properties of granular sandstones during water inrush: effect of small particle migration. Eng Geol 217(30):61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.12.006
Renjie M, Ganghua P, Yang L, Xiaojun L (2018) Mathematical models for properties of mortars with admixtures and recycled fine aggregates from demolished concretes. J Southeast Univ (English version) 34(3):94–99
Rossmanith G, Modest H, Rath C, Banday AJ, Gorski KM, Morfill G (2011) Search for non-gaussianities in the WMAP data with the scaling index method. Adv Astron 4:41–61. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/174873
Shi X, Jiang F, Zhu Sitao (2017) Mechanism of integrated dynamic disaster of rockburst and water inrush: a new type of integrated dynamic disaster in china. Geotech Geol Eng 35(3):1261–1270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0170-7
Wang CY (2017) Optimization of supporting parameters and reliability analysis of hydraulic tunnel in fracture zone. Chongqing Jiaotong Univ (in Chinese)
Wang W, Zhang D, Fang Q (2010) Experimental study on mechanical properties of similar materials in weak surrounding rock of tunnel. J Huaqiao Univ (Natural Science) 31(6):680–683. https://doi.org/10.11830/issn.1000-5013.2010.06.0680(in Chinese)
Wei Tang, Changhuan Feng (2014) Error analysis of parameter estimation method of linear regression model. J Yibin Univ 14(12):18–21. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-5365.2014.12.005(in Chinese)
Wu Y, Zhu M, Xiao H (2010) Experimental study on similar materials of surrounding rock in diversion tunnel. Subgrade Eng 4:192–194. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-8825.2010.04.073(in Chinese)
Wu BT, Zhu HH, Xu QW, Juan M (2013) Experimental study on similar materials of soft surrounding rock of grade IV. Rock Soil Mech 34(s1):109–116 (in Chinese)
Xiao J (2013) Study on raw material selection and proportioning experiment of similar material model test[D]. School of civil engineering, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., v–vi (in Chinese)
Yaming Zhang, Dequan Yue (1995) Optimal control of significance level α in statistical hypothesis testing. J Yanshan Univ 19(4):361–366 (in Chinese)
Yong L (2006) Development of new geotechnical similar materials and its application in model test of bifurcation tunnel. Shandong Univ. https://doi.org/10.7666/d.y982969(in Chinese)
Zhang X, Lai Y, Yu W, Zhang S (2002) Non-linear analysis for the freezing–thawing situation of the rock sur rounding the tunnel in cold regions under the conditions of different construction seasons, initial temperatures and insulations. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 17(3):315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0886-7798(02)00030-5
Zhang Guo-Hua, Jiao Yu-Yong, Wang Hao, Cheng Yi, Chen Li-Biao (2017a) On the mechanism of inrush hazards when Denghuozhai Tunnel passing through granite contact zone. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 68:174–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.05.008
Zhang QS, Wang DM, Li SC, Zhang X, Tan YH, Wang K (2017b) Development and application of model test system for inrush of water and mud of tunnel in fault rupture zone. Chinese J Geotech Eng 39(3):417–426. https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201703004
Zheng L, Chuan H, Xiang G, Saizhou Y, Yaowen L, Wenbo Y (2017) Development and application of simi- lar materials in seepage model test of rock tunnel. J Harbin Univ Technol 49(09):33–39. https://doi.org/10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201607075in Chinese
Zhiqiang Chen, Yongxing Zhang, Jianying Zhou (2011) Experimental research on similar materials of rockburst tendency of surrounding rock of deep tunnel based on digital speckle technique. Rock Soil Mech 32(s1):141–148 (in Chinese)
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the finances support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41807265), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No.2017CFB310), Central University Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses Special Funds (Grant No.CUGL140817), Guizhou Education Department Youth Science and Technology Talents Growth Project (qjhy Zi [2019] 083).
Funding
There has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
YM wrote the manuscript and revised the manuscript; WX completed the experiment and method design; CZ analyzed the data; NJ, CD, and XM performed the experiments.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mou, Y., Zhou, C., Jiang, N. et al. Experiment Study on Proportioning of Similar Materials in Weak Surrounding Rocks of Rich-Water Faults. Geotech Geol Eng 38, 3415–3433 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01223-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01223-7