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Simultaneous immobilization of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in combined contaminated soil with iron hydroxyl phosphate

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Combined contamination of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in soils especially wastewater-irrigated soil causes environmental concern. The aim of this study is to develop a soil amendment for simultaneous immobilization of Pb, Cd, and As in combinative contaminated soil.

Materials and methods

A soil amendment of iron hydroxyl phosphate (FeHP) was prepared and characterized, and its potential application in simultaneous immobilization of Pb, Cd, and As in combined contaminated soil from wastewater-irrigated area was evaluated. The effects of FeHP dosage, reaction time, and soil moisture on Pb, Cd, and As immobilization in the soil were examined.

Results and discussion

The immobilization efficiencies of Pb, Cd, and As generally increased with the increasing of FeHP dosage. With FeHP dosage of 10 %, the immobilization percentages of NaHCO3-extractable As and DTPA-extractable Pb and Cd reached 69, 59, and 44 %, respectively. The equilibrium time required for immobilization of these contaminants was in the following order: NaHCO3-extractable As (0.25 days) < DTPA-extractable Cd(3 days) < DTPA-extractable Pb (7 days). However, the immobilization efficiencies of Pb, Cd, and As have not changed much under soil moisture varied from 20 to 100 %. According to the results of the sequential extraction, the percentages of Pb, Cd, and As in residual fractions increased after the application of FeHP amendment, while their percentages in exchangeable fractions decreased, illustrating that FeHP can effectively decrease the mobilities and bioavailabilities of Pb, Cd, and As in the soil. Moreover, the application of FeHP will not have soil acidification and soil structure problem based on the soil pH measurements and soil morphology.

Conclusions

FeHP can immobilize Pb, Cd, and As in the combinative contaminated soil from wastewater irrigation area simultaneously and effectively. Thus, it can be used as a potential soil amendment for the remediation of Pb, Cd, and As-combined contaminated soil.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge National Natural Science Foundation of China (51304251) and Special Program on Environmental Protection for Public Welfare (201509050) for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China

    Yining Yuan, Liyuan Chai, Zhihui Yang & Weichun Yang

  2. Changsha Aeronautical Vocational and Technical College, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Yining Yuan

  3. Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China

    Liyuan Chai, Zhihui Yang & Weichun Yang

Authors
  1. Yining Yuan
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  2. Liyuan Chai
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  3. Zhihui Yang
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  4. Weichun Yang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weichun Yang.

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Responsible editor: Zhenli He

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Yuan, Y., Chai, L., Yang, Z. et al. Simultaneous immobilization of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in combined contaminated soil with iron hydroxyl phosphate. J Soils Sediments 17, 432–439 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1540-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1540-0

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