Abstract
We collected a total of 50 water samples comprising tap water, ground water, and bottled water, from various areas of Jeddah City. We collected tap water samples from 25 districts, groundwater samples from 10 wells, and 15 different brands of bottled water. The levels of 28 elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Water certified reference material (CWW-TM-B) was used to ensure quality assurance. Recoveries ranged from 92 to 104.8% for all measured elements. Levels of major and trace elements in groundwater samples were higher than those in both bottled and tap drinking water. Only four elements (Al, Cs, U, and Zn) were shown to be higher in tap water samples than other samples type. However, their values were far below the guideline values. All mean concentrations of Na, K, Mg, and Ca in well water samples were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in both bottled and tap drinking water. In addition, only Al and Zn in tap water samples were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in both bottled and well drinking water. Most of the other elements were higher in well water samples compared to other sources. The results from this study will be used to increase public awareness about the safety of drinking water. It will also be useful for increasing awareness of health issues related to drinking water and to water used for other purposes.
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11 November 2017
The original version of this article, unfortunately, contained errors.
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Acknowledgements
The author Eid I. Brima would like to extend his appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through research groups program under grant number R.G.P.1/7/38.
We would like to thank the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS) for carrying out elements analysis in all water samples by ICP-MS.
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A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3249-9.
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Brima, E.I., AlBishri, H.M. Major and trace elements in water from different sources in Jeddah City, KSA. Arab J Geosci 10, 436 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3221-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3221-8