Abstract
This study investigates the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from Mahshahr contaminated soil by Fenton-like oxidation. Magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) was applied as catalyst in the oxidation process to improve the hydroxyl radicals (OH°) production and, consequently, the removal of TPH from the samples. Response surface methodology with center composite design (CCD) was used to optimize performance of the treatment process. Various molar ratios of H2O2–MNP were calculated by CCD and then added to the contaminated samples at acidic pH (pH 3) and under laboratory conditions. The quadratic model describing TPH removal efficiency of Fenton-like was developed and validated by analysis of variances (ANOVA), correspondingly. The analysis results illustrated that the optimum condition of treatment was obtained using H2O2:MNP molar ratio of 17.5:1, leading to removal of 74.20% of TPH from the contaminated soil slurries. According to the results, the use of MNP catalyst and optimal molar ratio of H2O2–MNP had dominant roles in the increased oxidation of TPH from the slurries.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abouri M, Taleb A, Souabi S, Moharram R, Baudu M (2014) Optimized physico-chemical treatment of a fresh leach ate using a rejection of steel industry. Int J Eng Innovative Technol 4(3):143–152
ASTM D5084-10 (2003) Standard test method for measurement of hydraulic conductivity of saturated porous materials using a flexible wall Permeameter. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken. http://www.astm.org/Standards/D5084.htm
ASTM D422-63 (2007a) Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils. American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken. http://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/HISTORICAL/D422-63R07.htm
ASTM D4972–01 (2007b) Standard test method for pH of soils. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken. http://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/HISTORICAL/D4972-01R07.htm
ASTM D2216-10 (2005) Standard test method for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock by mass. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken. http://www.astm.org/standards/D2216.htm
ASTM D2974-14 (2000) Standard test methods for moisture, ash, and organic matter of peat and other organic soils. West Conshohocken. https://www.astm.org/Standards/D2974.htm
Bhatti MS, Reddy AS, Kalia RK, Thukral AK (2011) Modeling and optimization of voltage and treatment time for electrocoagulation removal of hexavalent chromium. Desalination 269(1):157–162
Bohr A, Kristensen J, Dyas M, Edirisinghe M, Stride E (2012) Release profile and characteristics of electrosprayed particles for oral delivery of a practically insoluble drug. J R Soc Interface 9(75):2437–2449
Centi G, Perathoner S, Torre T, Verduna MG (2000) Catalytic wet oxidation with H2O2 of carboxylic acids on homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton-type catalysts. Catal Today 55(1):61–69
Chou S, Huang Y-H, Lee S-N, Huang G-H, Huang C (1999) Treatment of high strength hexamine-containing wastewater by electro-Fenton method. Water Res 33(3):751–759
Costa RC, Moura FC, Ardisson J, Fabris J, Lago R (2008) Highly active heterogeneous Fenton-like systems based on Fe0/Fe3O4 composites prepared by controlled reduction of iron oxides. Appl Catal B 83(1):131–139
Ershadi L, Ebadi T, Ershadi V, Rabbani A (2011) Chemical oxidation of crude oil in oil contaminated soil by Fenton process using nano zero valent Iron. In: Paper presented at the 2nd international conference on environmental science and technology
Feng J, Hu X, Yue PL (2004) Novel bentonite clay-based Fe-nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst for photo-Fenton discoloration and mineralization of Orange II. Environ Sci Technol 38(1):269–275
Fiori SM, Zalba SM (2003) Potential impacts of petroleum exploration and exploitation on biodiversity in a Patagonian Nature Reserve, Argentina. Biodivers Conserv 12(6):1261–1270
Gan S, Ng HK (2012) Inorganic chelated modified-Fenton treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils. Chem Eng J 180:1–8
Garrido-Ramírez E, Theng B, Mora M (2010) Clays and oxide minerals as catalysts and nanocatalysts in Fenton-like reactions—a review. Appl Clay Sci 47(3):182–192
Goi A (2005) Advanced oxidation processes for water purification and soil remediation. Tallinn University of Technology Press, Tallinn
Design-Expert 6 User’s Guide (2005) Statistical details: analysis, Section 12. Design-Expert version 6 software for experiment design
Hafshejani MK, Ogugbue CJ, Morad N (2014) Application of response surface methodology for optimization of decolorization and mineralization of triazo dye Direct Blue 71 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3 Biotech 4(6):605–619
Hashemian S (2013) Fenton-like oxidation of malachite green solutions: kinetic and thermodynamic study. J Chem 2013:1–7
Joglekar A, May A (1987) Product excellence through design of experiments. Cereal Foods World 32(12):857
Jonsson S, Persson Y, Frankki S, van Bavel B, Lundstedt S, Haglund P, Tysklind M (2007) Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soils by Fenton’s reagent: a multivariate evaluation of the importance of soil characteristics and PAH properties. J Hazard Mater 149(1):86–96
Jorfi S, Rezaee A, Moheb-ali G-A, Jaafarzadeh H (2013) Pyrene removal from contaminated soils by modified Fenton oxidation using iron nano particles. J Environ Health Sci Eng 11:17–25
Kallel M, Belaid C, Mechichi T, Ksibi M, Elleuch B (2009) Removal of organic load and phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater by Fenton oxidation with zero-valent iron. Chem Eng J 150(2):391–395
Kong S-H, Watts RJ, Choi J-H (1998) Treatment of petroleum-contaminated soils using iron mineral catalyzed hydrogen peroxide. Chemosphere 37(8):1473–1482
Liu W-T (2006) Nanoparticles and their biological and environmental applications. J Biosci Bioeng 102(1):1–7
Lu M, Zhang Z, Qiao W, Guan Y, Xiao M, Peng C (2010a) Removal of residual contaminants in petroleum-contaminated soil by Fenton-like oxidation. J Hazard Mater 179(1):604–611
Lu M, Zhang Z, Qiao W, Wei X, Guan Y, Ma Q, Guan Y (2010b) Remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil after composting by sequential treatment with Fenton-like oxidation and biodegradation. Bioresour Technol 101(7):2106–2113
Mascolo MC, Pei Y, Ring TA (2013) Room temperature co-precipitation synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles in a large pH window with different bases. Materials 6(12):5549–5567
Moghadam MR, Bahrami A, Ghorbani F, Mahjub H, Malaki D (2013) Investigation of qualitative and quantitative of volatile organic compounds of ambient air in the Mahshahr petrochemical complex in 2009. J Res Health Sci 13(1):69–74
Montgomery DC (2013) Design and analysis of experiments, 8th edn. Wiley, New York
Montgomery DC, Runger GC, Hubele NF (2011) Engineering statistics, 5th edn. Wiley, New York
Mousavi S, Mahvi A, Nasseri S, Ghaffari S (2011) Effect of Fenton process (H2O2/Fe2+) on removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) using central composite design and response surface methodology. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 8(2):111–116
Mukhopadhyay B, Sundquist J, Schmitz RJ (2007) Removal of Cr(VI) from Cr-contaminated groundwater through electrochemical addition of Fe(II). J Environ Manage 82(1):66–76
Okop IJ, Ekpo SC (2012) Determination of total hydrocarbon content in soil after petroleum spillage. In: Proceedings of the world congress on engineering, vol 3
Ölmez T (2009) The optimization of Cr(VI) reduction and removal by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology. J Hazard Mater 162(2):1371–1378
Paíga P, Mendes L, Albergaria J, Delerue-Matos C (2012) Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil from different locations using infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. Chem Pap 66(8):711–721
Pongcharoen C, Satapanajaru KKT (2012) Remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil slurry by Fenton oxidation. In: Paper presented at the proceedings of world academy of science, engineering and technology
Sarrai AE, Hanini S, Merzouk NK, Tassalit D, Szabó T, Hernádi K, Nagy L (2016) Using central composite experimental design to optimize the degradation of tylosin from aqueous solution by photo-Fenton reaction. Materials 9(6):428
Spencer CJ, Stanton PC, Watts RJ (1996) A central composite rotatable analysis for the catalyzed hydrogen peroxide remediation of diesel-contaminated soils. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 46(11):1067–1074
Sun H-W, Yan Q-S (2008) Influence of pyrene combination state in soils on its treatment efficiency by Fenton oxidation. J Environ Manage 88(3):556–563
Teng Y, Feng D, Song L, Wang J, Li J (2013) Total petroleum hydrocarbon distribution in soils and groundwater in Songyuan oilfield, Northeast China. Environ Monit Assess 185(11):9559–9569
US-EPA (1996a) Organic extraction and sample preparation, SW-846, method 3500B, 2nd edn. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington
US-EPA (1996b) Test methods for the analysis of semivolatile organic pollutants by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), SW-846, method 8270c, 3rd edn. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington
US-EPA (2007) Test methods for ultrasonic extraction, SW-846, method 3550c, 3rd edn. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington
Usman M, Faure P, Hanna K, Abdelmoula M, Ruby C (2012a) Application of magnetite catalyzed chemical oxidation (Fenton-like and persulfate) for the remediation of oil hydrocarbon contamination. Fuel 96:270–276
Usman M, Faure P, Ruby C, Hanna K (2012b) Remediation of PAH-contaminated soils by magnetite catalyzed Fenton-like oxidation. Appl Catal B 117:10–17
Valdés-Solís T, Valle-Vigón P, Álvarez S, Marbán G, Fuertes AB (2007) Manganese ferrite nanoparticles synthesized through a nanocasting route as a highly active Fenton catalyst. Catal Commun 8(12):2037–2042
Van Stempvoort D, Biggar K (2008) Potential for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater under cold climate conditions: a review. Cold Reg Sci Technol 53(1):16–41
Wahajuddin SA (2012) Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: magnetic nanoplatforms as drug carriers. Int J Nanomed 7:3445–3471
Watts RJ, Dilly SE (1996) Evaluation of iron catalysts for the Fenton-like remediation of diesel-contaminated soils. J Hazard Mater 51(1):209–224
Watts RJ, Haller DR, Jones AP, Teel AL (2000) A foundation for the risk-based treatment of gasoline-contaminated soils using modified Fenton’s reactions. J Hazard Mater 76(1):73–89
Xu L, Wang J (2011) A heterogeneous Fenton-like system with nanoparticulate zero-valent iron for removal of 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol. J Hazard Mater 186(1):256–264
Xu P, Zeng GM, Huang DL, Feng CL, Hu S, Zhao MH, Xie GX (2012) Use of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: a review. Sci Total Environ 424:1–10
Xue X, Hanna K, Abdelmoula M, Deng N (2009) Adsorption and oxidation of PCP on the surface of magnetite: kinetic experiments and spectroscopic investigations. Appl Catal B 89(3):432–440
Yang GC, Long Y-W (1999) Removal and degradation of phenol in a saturated flow by in situ electrokinetic remediation and Fenton-like process. J Hazard Mater 69(3):259–271
Yu S-P, Lu J-F, Sun G-Y (2003) Impact of oil field exploitation on eco-environment of the Daqing lakes. Chin Geogr Sci 13(2):175–181
Zelmanov G, Semiat R (2008) Iron (3) oxide-based nanoparticles as catalysts in advanced organic aqueous oxidation. Water Res 42(1):492–498
Zhang J, Zhuang J, Gao L, Zhang Y, Gu N, Feng J, Yan X (2008) Decomposing phenol by the hidden talent of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Chemosphere 73(9):1524–1528
Zhang S, Zhao X, Niu H, Shi Y, Cai Y, Jiang G (2009) Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of phenolic and aniline compounds. J Hazard Mater 167(1):560–566
Zhou T, Li Y, Ji J, Wong F-S, Lu X (2008) Oxidation of 4-chlorophenol in a heterogeneous zero valent iron/H2O2 Fenton-like system: kinetic, pathway and effect factors. Sep Purif Technol 62(3):551–558
Zhu X, Tian J, Liu R, Chen L (2011) Optimization of Fenton and electro-Fenton oxidation of biologically treated coking wastewater using response surface methodology. Sep Purif Technol 81(3):444–450
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Grants Commission at the Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran. The authors are thankful to Dr. Majid Baghdadi, Dr. Alireza Pardakhti, Dr. Abooali Golzary, Mr. Sajad Imanian, Mr. Foad Soleimani, Mr. Alireza Banisharif, and Mr. Barandoost for their technical assistance during the conduct of this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mirzaee, E., Gitipour, S., Mousavi, M. et al. Optimization of total petroleum hydrocarbons removal from Mahshahr contaminated soil using magnetite nanoparticle catalyzed Fenton-like oxidation. Environ Earth Sci 76, 165 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6484-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6484-1