Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Optimal site selection for landfill using the boolean-analytical hierarchy process

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the most common methods to dispose of municipal solid waste is landfill. The process of landfill site selection is difficult and complex due to be the essential consideration of the environment, social and technical structures. The study of multi-criteria and regulations was adapted to determine suitable sites for landfill. The main purpose of this work is to choose suitable sites for the landfill of the Erbil Governorate, which contributes to the solution of the environmental issues related to landfill. Boolean logic and analytical hierarchy process (B-AHP) was combined with geographical information systems to determine the best landfill site selection. The study demonstrated that 69% total area was suitable areas for the construction of landfill. On the final map, 119,820,219 (95.8%) is the vast candidate site in Khabat, Erbil Center, Erbil plain and Koysanjaq districts, with less locations in both the north and north-east.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References:

  • Abed FM, Al-Douri Y, Al-Shahery GMY (2014) Review on the energy and renewable energy status in Iraq: the outlooks. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 39:816–827

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aksoy E, San BT (2019) Geographical information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) integration for sustainable landfill site selection considering dynamic data source. Bull Eng Geol Env 78:779–791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alkaradaghi K, Ali SS, Al-Ansari N et al (2019) Landfill site selection using MCDM methods and GIS in the Sulaimaniyah governorate. Iraq Sustain 11:4530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Kayiem H, Mohammad S (2019) Potential of renewable energy resources with an emphasis on solar power in Iraq: an outlook. Resources 8(1):42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen BG, Caetano P, Costa C, Cummins V, Donnelly J, Koukoulas S, O’donnell V, Robalo C, Vendas D (2003) A landfill site selection process incorporating GIS modelling. In Proceedings of Sardinia

  • Barakat A, Hilali A, El Baghdadi M, Touhami F (2017) Landfill site selection with GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation technique. A case study in Béni Mellal-Khouribga Region, Morocco. Environ Earth Sci 76(12):413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baseer MA, Rehman S, Meyer JP, Alam MM (2017) GIS-based site suitability analysis for wind farm development in Saudi Arabia. Energy 141:1166–1176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beskese A, Demir HH, Ozcan HK, Okten HE (2015) Landfill site selection using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS: a case study for Istanbul. Environ Earth Sci 73(7):3513–3521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chabuk AJ, Al-Ansari N, Hussain HM, Knutsson S, Pusch R (2017) GIS-based assessment of combined AHP and SAW methods for selecting suitable sites for landfill in Al-Musayiab Qadhaa, Babylon, Iraq. Environ Earth Sci 76(5):209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang NB, Parvathinathan G, Breeden JB (2008) Combining GIS with fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making for landfill siting in a fast-growing urban region. J Environ Manage 87(1):139–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cisne RL, Vasconcelos TF, Parteli EJ, Andrade JS (2011) Particle transport in flow through a ratchet-like channel. Microfluid Nanofluid 10(3):543–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danesh G, Monavari SM, Omrani GA (2019) Compilation of a model for hazardous waste disposal site selection using GIS-based multi-purpose decision-making models. Environ Monit Assess 191:122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demesouka OE, Anagnostopoulos KP, Siskos E (2019) Spatial multi-criteria decision support for robust land-use suitability: the case of landfill site selection in Northeastern Greece. Eur J Oper Res 272:574–586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ding Z, Zhu M, Wu Z, Fu Y, Liu X (2018) Combining AHP-entropy approach with GIS for construction waste landfill selection—a case study of Shenzhen. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(10):2254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donevska KR, Gorsevski PV, Jovanovski M, Peševski I (2012) Regional non-hazardous landfill site selection by integrating fuzzy logic, AHP and geographic information systems. Environ Earth Sci 67(1):121–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duc TT (2006) Using GIS and AHP technique for land-use suitability analysis. In International symposium on geo-informatics for spatial infrastructure development in earth and allied sciences (pp. 1–6)

  • Effat HA, Hegazy MN (2012) Mapping potential landfill sites for North Sinai cities using spatial multi-criteria evaluation. Egyptian J Remote Sens Space Sci 15(2):125–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Maguiri A, Kissi B, Idrissi L, Souabi S (2016) Landfill site selection using GIS, remote sensing and multi-criteria decision analysis: case of the city of Mohammedia, Morocco. Bull Eng Geol Env 75(3):1301–1309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Errouhi AA, Bahi L, Ouadif L, Akhssas A, Bouroumine Y, Bahi A (2018) Landfill site selection using AHP & Topsis: a Case Study, Oum Azza, Morocco. Int J Civil Eng Technol 9(7):623–632

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgiou A, Skarlatos D (2016) Optimal site selection for sitting a solar park using multi-criteria decision analysis and geographical information systems. Geosci Instrumentation Methods Data Syst 5(2):321–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Güler D, Yomralıoğlu T (2017) Alternative suitable landfill site selection using analytic hierarchy process and geographic information systems: a case study in Istanbul. Environ Earth Sci 76(20):678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halgurd Sakran National Park (HSNP), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halgurd_Sakran_National_Park, Accessed 19 July 2019

  • Hoornweg D, Bhada-Tata P (2012) What a waste: a global review of solid waste management (Vol. 15, p. 116). World Bank, Washington, DC

  • Ibrahim GRF, Hamid AA, Darwesh UM, Rasul A (2020) A GIS-based Boolean logic-analytical hierarchy process for solar power plant (case study: Erbil Governorate—Iraq). Environment, Development and Sustainability, pp 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim GRF, Rasul A, Ali Hamid A, Ali ZF, Dewana AA (2019) Suitable site selection for rainwater harvesting and storage case study using Dohuk Governorate. Water 11(4):864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isalou AA, Zamani V, Shahmoradi B, Alizadeh H (2013) Landfill site selection using integrated fuzzy logic and analytic network process (F-ANP). Environ Earth Sci 68(6):1745–1755

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Javaheri H, Nasrabadi T, Jafarian MH, Rowshan GR, Khoshnam H (2006) Site selection of municipal solid waste landfills using analytical hierarchy process method in a geographical information technology environment in Giroft. J Environ Health Sci Eng 3(3):177–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamdar I, Ali S, Bennui A (2019) Municipal solid waste landfill siting using an integrated GIS-AHP approach: a case study from Songkhla, Thailand. Resour Conserv Recycl 149:220–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karasan A, Ilbahar E, Kahraman C (2019) A novel Pythagorean fuzzy AHP and its application to landfill site selection problem. Soft Comput 23:10953–10968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi H, Amiri S, Huang J, Karimi A (2019) Integrating GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis for landfill site selection, case study: Javanrood County in Iran. Int J Environ Sci Technol 16:7305–7318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keshkamat SS, Looijen JM, Zuidgeest MH (2009) The formulation and evaluation of transport route planning alternatives: a spatial decision support system for the Via Baltica project, Poland. J Transport Geography 17(1):54–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kharat MG, Kamble SJ, Raut RD, Kamble SS (2016) Identification and evaluation of landfill site selection criteria using a hybrid Fuzzy Delphi, Fuzzy AHP and DEMATEL based approach. Model Earth Syst Environ 2(2):98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kontos TD, Komilis DP, Halvadakis CP (2005) Siting MSW landfills with a spatial multiple criteria analysis methodology. Waste Manage 25(8):818–832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin HY, Kao JJ (1999) Enhanced spatial model for landfill siting analysis. J Environ Eng 125(9):845–851

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • List of landfills in the USA. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_landfills_in_the_United_States#Tennessee, Accessed 25 July 2019

  • Mahamid I, Thawaba S (2010) Multi-criteria and landfill site selection using GIS: a case study from Palestine. Open Environ Eng J 3:33–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mat NA, Benjamin AM, Abdul-Rahman S (2017) A review on criteria and decision-making techniques in solving landfill site selection problems. J Adv Rev Sci Res 37:19

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Directorate of Groundwater–Erbil (2011) Groundwater levels survey in Erbil Governorate, Erbil

  • Ministry of Planning, Directorate of Statistics–Erbil (2019) Estimation of Erbil Governorate Population in 2018, Erbil

  • Mohammed HI, Majid Z, Yamusa YB (2019) GIS based sanitary landfill suitability analysis for sustainable solid waste disposal. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing, p 012056

  • Nas B, Cay T, Iscan F, Berktay A (2010) Selection of MSW landfill site for Konya, Turkey using GIS and multi-criteria evaluation. Environ Monit Assess 160(1–4):491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parteli EJ, da Silva LR, Andrade JS Jr (2010) Self-organized percolation in multi-layered structures. J Stat Mech: Theory Exp 2010(03):P03026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pohekar SD, Ramachandran M (2004) Application of multi-criteria decision making to sustainable energy planning: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 8(4):365–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmat ZG, Niri MV, Alavi N, Goudarzi G, Babaei AA, Baboli Z, Hosseinzadeh M (2017) Landfill site selection using GIS and AHP: a case study: Behbahan, Iran. KSCE J Civ Eng 21(1):111–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randazzo L, Cusumano A, Oliveri G, Di Stefano P, Renda P, Perricone M, Zarcone G (2018) Landfill site selection for municipal solid waste by using AHP method in GIS environment: waste management decision-support in Sicily (Italy). Detritus 2:78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saaty TL (1990) How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process. Eur J Oper Res 48:9–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saaty TL (2008) Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. Int J Services Sci 1(1):83–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şener Ş, Şener E, Nas B, Karagüzel R (2010) Combining AHP with GIS for landfill site selection: a case study in the Lake Beyşehir catchment area (Konya, Turkey). Waste Manage 30(11):2037–2046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahabi H, Keihanfard S, Ahmad BB, Amiri MJT (2014) Evaluating boolean, AHP and WLC methods for the selection of waste landfill sites using GIS and satellite images. Environ Earth Sci 71(9):4221–4233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharifi M, Hadidi M, Vessali E, Mosstafakhani P, Taheri K, Shahoie S, Khodamoradpour M (2009) Integrating multi-criteria decision analysis for a GIS-based hazardous waste landfill sitting in Kurdistan Province, western Iran. Waste Manage 29(10):2740–2758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui MZ, Everett JW, Vieux BE (1996) Landfill siting using geographic information systems: a demonstration. J Environ Eng 122(6):515–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United States Geological Survey (USGS) (2018) Data of DEM (Digital Elevation Model). www.usgsquads.com/prod_digital_international_elevation_models. Accessed: 16 June 2018

  • Uyan M (2017) Optimal site selection for solar power plants using multi-criteria evaluation: a case study from the Ayranci region in Karaman, Turkey. Clean Technol Environ Policy 19(9):2231–2244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaidya OS, Kumar S (2006) Analytic hierarchy process: an overview of applications. Eur J Oper Res 169(1):1–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos TF, Morais AF, Cisne RL Jr, Parteli EJ, Andrade JS Jr (2010) Particle separation in a ramified structure. Chem Eng Sci 65(4):1400–1406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasiljević TZ, Srdjević Z, Bajčetić R, Miloradov MV (2012) GIS and the analytic hierarchy process for regional landfill site selection in transitional countries: a case study from Serbia. Environ Manage 49(2):445–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang G, Qin L, Li G, Chen L (2009) Landfill site selection using spatial information technologies and AHP: a case study in Beijing, China. J Environ Manag 90(8):2414–2421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank Group (2019). Waste Generation. https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1334852610766/Chap3.pdf. Accessed on July 2019

  • Yazdani M, Monavari SM, Omrani GA, Shariat M, Hosseini SM (2015) Landfill site suitability assessment by means of geographic information system analysis. Solid Earth 6(3):945–956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yesilnacar MI, Cetin H (2005) Site selection for hazardous wastes: a case study from the GAP area, Turkey. Eng Geol 81:371–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yildirim V (2012) Application of raster-based GIS techniques in the siting of landfills in Trabzon Province, Turkey: a case study. Waste Manage Res 30:949–960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yousefi H, Hafeznia H, Yousefi-Sahzabi A (2018) Spatial site selection for solar power plants using a gis-based boolean-fuzzy logic model: a case study of Markazi Province, Iran. Energies 11(7):1648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaidi FK, Nazzal Y, Ahmed I, Naeem M, Jafri MK (2015) Identification of potential artificial groundwater recharge zones in North-western Saudi Arabia using GIS and Boolean logic. J Afr Earth Sc 111:156–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Collage of Arts, Salahaddin University–Erbil, Erbil, 44002, Iraq

    Kamaran Wali Mahmood

  2. Department of Geography, College of Humanities, University of Raparin, Sulaimani, 46012, Iraq

    Bakhtiar Osman Khzr

  3. Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Erbil, 44008, Iraq

    Rizgar Mohammed Othman, Azad Rasul, Shwan Ahmed Ali & Gaylan Rasul Faqe Ibrahim

  4. Department of Geography, College of Human Sciences, University of Halabja, Halabja, 46006, Iraq

    Gaylan Rasul Faqe Ibrahim

Authors
  1. Kamaran Wali Mahmood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bakhtiar Osman Khzr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rizgar Mohammed Othman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Azad Rasul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shwan Ahmed Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Gaylan Rasul Faqe Ibrahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamaran Wali Mahmood.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mahmood, K.W., Khzr, B.O., Othman, R.M. et al. Optimal site selection for landfill using the boolean-analytical hierarchy process. Environ Earth Sci 80, 173 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09501-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09501-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation