Research paperAn experimental study on the effects of phenocrysts on convection in magmas
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The contribution of experimental volcanology to the study of the physics of eruptive processes, and related scaling issues: A review
2019, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal ResearchCitation Excerpt :The results clearly showed that the extent to which convection led to either mixing or stratification was determined by the magnitude of Re and U*, which imposed the strength of the resultant large-scale circulation in the chamber. The effect of phenocrysts on convection was investigated experimentally by Koyaguchi et al. (1993) who heated from below suspensions of silicon carbide grit in water or glycerine solutions. The experiments were made at high Rayleigh number (Ra ~ 108–109) and high Prandtl number (Pr ~ 104).
Magma plumbing system of the Aso-3 large pyroclastic eruption cycle at Aso volcano, Southwest Japan: Petrological constraint on the formation of a compositionally stratified magma chamber
2015, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal ResearchCitation Excerpt :At this initial stage the bulk density of the mafic magma is large enough to maintain a two-layer structure (Fig. 15). Subsequently, phenocrysts in the mafic magma sank, and a pure melt layer formed in the upper part of the mafic magma layer (cf. Koyaguchi et al., 1993); see Fig. 16b. As crystallization proceeded in the mafic magma, its melt density decreased.
Magma Oceans and Primordial Mantle Differentiation
2015, Treatise on Geophysics: Second EditionHigh time resolution fluctuations in volcanic carbon dioxide degassing from Mount Etna
2014, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal ResearchCitation Excerpt :There are many physical processes which could potentially drive the observed modulations in gas emission rates and ratios. These include: (1) convection of magma in the conduit and/or the shallow to deep plumbing system (Kazahaya etal., 1994; Boichu etal., 2010); as convectionis likely a non-stationary process, this could involve varying overturnrate, leading to modulation in gas release; (2) pulsatory supply of volatile rich magmas into the conduit; on Mt. Erebus, this has been proposed to introduce a consequent periodicity in emissions at the magma surface (Oppenheimer etal., 2009); (3) changes in the volatile content of the magma or supply of volatiles from depth (Kazahaya etal., 2002), in which depressurisation based exsolution of gases from the melt could, itself, lead to a periodicity in gas sourcing; (4) short to long term changes in rheology of the magma (Koyaguchi etal., 1993); such trends in magma viscosity would act to vary gas transit speed throughout the plumbing system; and (5) interaction of magma and entrained volatiles with geometric discontinuities in the conduit or shallow storage zones (James etal., 2006; Palma etal., 2011); such features could cause periodic collection and release of bubbles, by analogy with the collapsing foam model for strombolian activity (Jaupart and Vergniolle, 1988; Vergniolle and Brandeis, 1994). Further work based on an expanded dataset is now required to investigate, in more detail, the relevance of each of these models in this volcanic context, by assessing the variation and stability of emission rate periodicities in time and their links to geophysical signals.
Mixing and convection driven by particles settling in temperature- stratified ambients
2013, International Journal of Heat and Mass TransferCitation Excerpt :While previous studies have investigated the stability of a stratification continuously heated from below [19,20], we focus here on situations where the amount of heat released from below is finite, as it is associated to a finite number of deposited particles. Convective motion due to heating from below may entrain deposited particles [21,22], and thus influence the distribution of both temperature and particles. In the remainder of this paper, we first present the governing equations describing our system in Section 2.
The effect of intensity of turbulence in umbrella cloud on tephra dispersion during explosive volcanic eruptions: Experimental and numerical approaches
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research