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Geomorphological and stratigraphic evidence along the northeastern U.S. margin for Laurentide glacial lake outburst floods during the MIS 2 deglaciation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2018

Shannon Klotsko  and
Neal Driscoll
Shannon Klotsko*
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
Neal Driscoll
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
*
*Corresponding author at: San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92192, USA. E-mail address: sklotsko@sdsu.edu (S. Klotsko).
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Abstract

Block Island Sound (BIS), in southern New England, was occupied by a glacial meltwater lake (Lake BIS) during the MIS 2 deglaciation. New CHIRP seismic data, swath bathymetry, and legacy seismic profiles from BIS provide important insights and constraints on the morphologic evolution of a glaciated margin from the last glacial maximum to present. Interpretation of seismic data revealed four well-defined sediment units: acoustic basement, glaciolacustrine varved sediments, a lag deposit, and Holocene sediment. The morphology and architecture of the sedimentary units suggest that Lake BIS drained quickly, followed by the catastrophic drainage of glacial Lake Connecticut through BIS (Lake Connecticut occupied present-day Long Island Sound). The draining waters carved depressions ~100 m deep in the floor of BIS and the region between the lakes. The waters also carved Block Island Valley, which extends across the continental shelf. Continued existence of the depressions and valley suggests a rapid transgression over these water depths and limited sediment supply. Our results show the significant impact of glacial lake outburst floods, even during a sea level transgression, and may help explain morphology observed along other glaciated margins.

Keywords

QuaternaryGlacial geomorphologyCHIRP seismicSouthern New EnglandBlock Island SoundGlaciated marginGlacial lake outburst floodsCatastrophic draining
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 90 , Issue 1 , July 2018 , pp. 139 - 152
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2018 

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