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THE WELSH LAND COMMISSION.

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THE WELSH LAND COM- MISSION. ACTION ON BEHALF OF TENANT- FARMERS. QUESTIONS ON THE CONDITION OF AGRICULTURE. Th9 Welsh Land Commission will shortly be •v. cnr midst. The circuit and datfs of sitting iLive r.ot yet been fixed, but it may be taken for granted that by the middle of next month work will have been commenced in earnest. It is, the: clove, time that land reformers, tenant fanners, and others interested in the land question should bo up and stirring. The execu- tive or the South Wales Liberal Federation have already taken action. It will be remembered that at their meeting at Swansea in January last the following resolution was unanimously adopted :—"That this Federation warmly ap- preciates the premise of the Government to ap- point a Royal Commission to inquire into the relating state of the land question in the Princi- pality, and strongly urges the tenantry in aU the agricultural districts of South Wales to form committees for obtaining and preparing and presenting evidence un hehalf ur the occu- piers." Wnat was then only a promise has now b'covr.e an accomplished fact, In view, therefore, of the eariy sitting of the com- mission it is absolutely necessary that those who are interested in the land question, and who feel the burthen of irregularity and inequality of the system, should gather and marshal the evidence which is to be placed before the commissioners. In view of this neci??sity and in order to ascer- tain the extent to which evidence will be given— further, to secure that no district in South Wales shall fail to produc8 bc>fure the commission the evidence of its peculiar grievances—theFederation will to-day issue a series of questions which embrace all the points likely to bo examined into. These are as follow :— 1. State the extent of and the quality of the land in the district to which your replies refer. AGREEMENTS, &C. 2. What are the usual conditions of tenancy on the estates in your district ? Do the tenants con- ■! h-r any of them hard and restrictive? If so, which ? v 3. Do you know of instances whera landlords have introduced into their agreements with tenants a clause whereby the latter waive the ■Advantages of the Agricultural Holdings Act ? 4, Do any landlords refuse to allow their tenants to have a copy of the agreements ? I IlIPROVE.UIîXTS. 5. Has there been, and is there still, anything in th", form of tenant-right or goodwill pÙd for by an incoming1 to any outgoing tenant on estates in your district over and above the customary valuation for unconsumed crops, unexhausted l'odder, or manure ? 6. Specify whac permanent improvements have been and are made by landlords and tenants respectively on various estates in your locality ? 7. Is interest charged (in the rent) for any improvements made by landlords 1 If so, at what rate ? Is any payment or compensation made for ¡ carl ge done by tenants in improvements made by iaudiords 1 RENT. S. Has any rise in rents be?n made on estates in 8. Has any rise in rents L22:n made on estates in your district during the last 30 or 40 years. If I so, state the amount and under what circum- stances ? Do you know of any cases where rents have been raised immediately after tenants have made improvements on their farms ? Have there been made :—(a) Permanent reductions ? If so, when, and what amount ? (b) Temporary abate- ments of rent ? If so, to what extent, and for how long ? 9. Do you know of any landlords who require their tenants to render them other services besides the payment of rent ? 10. Should you be m favour ofrent.s being ronde to vary with prices of produce 1 If so, what articles would yon include in the basis ? How would you ascertain the prices ? VALUE OF PRODUCE, LABOUR, < £ C. 11. W hat. fall has there been in tho value of agricultural produce of late years, more especially in corn, cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, butter, woo), lCeo ,¡ 12. What rise has there been in rates ? To what I expenditure has the rise been due? And has it I been productive of benefit to the tenant ? 13. What changes have occurred in the price of labour ? SIZÕ; OF FARMS. 14. Have holdings been consolidated in your district; and if so, with what effect? 15. Is more than one farm let to the same tenant ? If so, state their size. Can the tenant in such cases produce as large crops as he ought, and can he keep a sufficient number of workmen to till the farms properly ? LABOCRKES. 16. How are the labourers housed in your dis- trict? Have labourers' cottages gardens or small holdings attached to them ? 17. Are there sufficient, labourers for agl"- cultnral work, Uf has the number decreased ? If I it has. what is the cause? 13. Do you know of any farmhouses, or labour- er,'cottages which have fallen into ruins? If you do, state, as far as you are able, the number of each ? 19. Is it easy to obtain small plots of land, say about half an sere, more or less, upon which to build farmhouses and labourers' cot- tages ? STATF. OF LAND. 20. Is there any ]and going out of cultivation in your district ? If so, why ? Are there any farms -inlet ? 21. Is the land deteriorating ? If so, to what extent, and why ? 22. Have any lands been reclaimed in your dis- trict ? It so, by whom, and to what extent ? MOUNTAIN LAND AND COMMONS. 2a Has any mountain land or common been enclosed in the district, either by Act of Parlia- ment, or in any other way ? If there has, what has been its effect upon small farmers and labourers, and the inhabitants of neighbouring villages ? 2? Do you know of instances where rights of common belonging to the public have been dis- turbed, though the land has not been allotted to the various farn:s7 When common land has been allotted to the farms, what effect has this had upon the 25. In calculating the annual value of a farm, does the right of pasturage either over a moun- tain or common add to its worth ? GAME, WILD BIRDS, & C., &C. 26. Are rabbits, as a rule, preserved in your district? If they are not, do the farmers have full liberty to kill them? 27. Is the game, as a rule, preserved? or can farmers kill them? 28. Üj the gamekeepers trespass by crossing fields and hedges, and are they heedless of the complaints of the farmers ? Do they, in other respects, bring about strained relations between tenants and their landlords? 29. Do farmers in your district suffer losses by having their dogs and cats poisoned or shot by gamekeepers ? If they do, give particulars of any losses which have occasioned lately, stating the value of the dogs. &c. 30. Do yon know of instances where farms, or portions of farms, have been converted into game farms'' What effect has this had upon neigh- bouring farms ? 31. To what extent is the Ground Game Act made use of in your district ? Qnoceany instances you may know of where tenants are afraid of availing themselves of its provisions. 32. In what ways do you consider the present Game Laws should be amended in the interest of ra) the occuuier, (b) the labourers, (c) the public at large? Do you approve of the proposal that they should be abolished? SMALL FEEEHOLDEUS. 33. Do you know of any farmers who have Sought their own holdings ? I 34. Did they borrow money upon mortgage for the purpose ? 35. Do they pay more interest than the rent ihey used to pay ? 36. Was it from fear of being turned from their farms that they bought them ? FARMERS' CHILDREX. õ7. Do farmers' children work at home ? 38. Are they in receipt of wages ? If they are not, do you think their parents could pay the rent, and also pay them what would be reasonable wages ? I 39. Do you know of any cases where children employed away from home assist their parents to pay the rent ? 40. Can you state how many farms in your parish or neighbourhood have been Jet to tenants npon the tacit understanding that they have sons able to work at home, without wages, and this with the solo object of rack-renting the said farms ? 41. Is the rent sometimes paid with borrowed money ? RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL OPINIONS. 42. Do you know of any cases of evictions from farms for political or relig;om; reasons ? 43. Have Nonconformists a difficulty in obtain. ing farms in your district ? 44. Do tha clergy of the Establishment, as a rule, net in such a way as to bring abont other than friendly relations between iandlord and tenant ? The form containing the se queries is to be had in both English and Welshj, and copies win be supplied in any number on application to Mr R. N. Hall, secretary of the South Wales Liberal Federation, 53, Queen-strf set, Cardiff. A circular issued with the questions requests fill persons interested in the objects of the commission to ill in replies to the quest: ons and also to circulate questions among t he farmers and others itTected in their particul; n; districts. On the back if the series of questions is a schedule dealing Nltb the nse or fall in re at on upland and lowland sarins, the wages cf iabc urers, aud the prices of Agricultural produce, to;;ether with a space for suggestions or additioi jal information. When illed-in the forms shoul d be returned to Mr Hall without the least de.lav. as the time a.t the dis- posal of the executive i s so short. Liberals could not re nder better service to the jausoofiand law reform than by seeing that very tenant-farmer i n their locality is supplied with these questions, a od that the requ isiteinforma- ■)ion is obtained and f orwarded. The names of "bM wiliing to attend and give evidence before I 1$oouimissiOB shoul cl be learned, and it will < greatly facilitate matters if Ioca1 committee4 be formed to deal with the inquiry fully with regard to the special features of each district. The com- mittee of the Federation wish to urge those re- plying to the questions not merely to limit their expression of views to the queries set forth above, but to add any suggestions for reform that they may con=idei advisable.

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