Current concepts of fluid management in enhanced recovery pathways.

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2018-02

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Abstract

Perioperative fluid management impacts outcomes and plays a pivotal role in enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs). There have been major advances in understanding the effects of fluid therapy and administration during the perioperative period. Improving fluid management during this period leads to a decrease in complications, decrease in length of stay (LOS), and enhanced patient outcomes. It is important to consider preoperative and postoperative fluid management to be just as critical as intraoperative management given multiple associated benefits to the patients. Preoperative hydration with (complex) carbohydrate drinks up until 2 h before surgery is safe and should be encouraged, as this helps improve metabolism, decrease insulin resistance, reduce anxiety, and reduce nausea and vomiting. During the intraoperative period, the goals of fluid management are to maintain euvolemia using an individualized plan for fluid and haemodynamic management, matching the needs for monitoring with patient and surgical risk through goal-directed therapy (GDT). By combining the use of fluids and inotropes, GDT uses measurements and indicators of cardiac output and stroke volume to improve blood flow intraoperatively, and ultimately reduce LOS and complications. In the postoperative period, an early transition to oral hydration helps to enhance the conditions for healing and recovery from surgery. I.V. fluid therapy should be kept at a minimum, and urine output should not be the driving force for fluid administration. The optimization of perioperative fluid management is critical to ERPs as it helps improve pulmonary function, tissue oxygenation, gastrointestinal motility, and wound healing.

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10.1016/j.bja.2017.10.011

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Makaryus, R, TE Miller and TJ Gan (2018). Current concepts of fluid management in enhanced recovery pathways. Br J Anaesth, 120(2). pp. 376–383. 10.1016/j.bja.2017.10.011 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/16170.

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Scholars@Duke

Miller

Timothy Ellis Miller

Professor of Anesthesiology

Clinical and research interests are Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Medicine; with particular interests in fluid management, and perioperative optimization of the high-risk non-cardiac surgery patient.


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