Some economic aspects of Conference and non-Conference wool shipping
Some economic aspects of Conference and non-Conference wool shipping
Chudleigh, P. D.
Chudleigh, P. D.
Date
1976-12
Type
Discussion Paper
Collections
Fields of Research
Abstract
It is suggested that the freight rate that an alternative wool
shipping service could offer will influence the Conference rate for
wool shipped from New Zealand to Europe. Data are presented showing
that wool freight rate increases over the past five years have been less
than freight rate increases for dairy products and meat, the possibility
that wool freight rates may have been held back due to the threat of an
alternative service in the form of bulk carriers is suggested.
Freight rates for a hypothetical specialised wool service are
estimated and compared with Conference rates. These comparisons show
that the Conference rates in 1972 and 1976 were very close to the
estimated rates for the specialised service. It is also shown that the
estimated rates are sensitive to a number of assumptions regarding the
specialised service. It is concluded that alternative systems of shipping
wool warrant closer investigation in order for the wool industry to move
towards the most efficient system for shipping wool to Europe.
Whilst it appears quite feasible for wool to be carried by an
alternative service within the context of the current wool marketing
system, it is likely that the economics of an alternative service would
benefit substantially from changes in various aspects of the wool marketing
system. In addition, it is probable that a specialised wool service
could be geared closely to the wool industry and would permit change and
improvements to be effected more easily than the present liner service
where wool is viewed as a general cargo.
The proposition that the withdrawal of wool from the current liner
service would create higher freight rates for other export cargoes may be
true in the short term. It is quite probable that the liner service
would adjust in the longer term to the new cargo mix so offsetting the
need for higher rates of freight, this is especially so since a withdrawal
of wool would reduce the high imbalance, by weight and by volume, of the
northbound/southbound trades.
Apart from detailed investigations into alternative shipping
systems, other fruitful areas for study suggested are;
(i) Cross subsidy effects between products of freight rates
set by the Conference should be identified so that Government policies on
protection/subsidisation can be formulated more rationally.
(ii) The requirements of wool importers in Europe should be
researched more fully, especially with respect to frequency of service
and order delivery times.
(iii) Further research and investigations are required into how the
withdrawal of wool would affect the overall efficiency of the Conference
service. Whether cargoes other than wool are best serviced by a shipping
service that includes or excludes wool should be investigated in the
national interest.