Self-efficacy differences between perpetrators and victims

Self-efficacy has been shown through literature, to affect motivation, decision-making, and life choices in children, (Bandura, 1994; Feltz, 2011). This study explored the differences between academic, social, emotional, and physical activity self-efficacy between perpetrator and victim groups in middle school students. After informed consent was obtained, middle students (N=72) completed self-efficacy and bullying questionnaires at the end of the 2013-14 school year. Results indicated there were no significant (p .05) differences between perpetrator and victim groups and self-efficacy scores. Further study on the complex social, cognitive, and environmental factors that play formative roles in children's development are needed to explain the lack of findings.