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Masters Thesis

Gloria! An advent festival of lessons and carols

Antonio Vivaldi spent a great deal of his time composing for the musicians of a Venice orphanage for girls. In his Gloria one can see the emphasis on the female voice as an outgrowth of this involvement. The music is unusual in that it takes a somewhat obtuse approach toward textual illumination. The Advent service of Nine Lessons and Carols was begun by the Bishop of Truro in 1880 and has come down to us more or less intact. Boris Ord composed the music for the first carol, Adam Lay Y-bounden. Felix Mendelssohn, at the time of his death, was working on a musical portrait of Christ There Shall a Star From Jacob Come Forth is from the section which concentrated on Christ's birth. The Glory of the Father is a setting of verses from John I by contemporary Norwegian composer Egil Hovland. In There Is No Rose Mary is compared to the popular sixteenth century image of a flower. Norman Luboff has arranged a gentle Spanish lullaby for unaccompanied voices in A La Nanita Nana. Contrastingly, Benjamin Britten in This Little Babe has portrayed the infant Jesus as incipient Conqueror. Hector Berlioz conceived Shepher’s Farewell to the Holy Family as an organ miniature while attending a party and later expanded it to form his sacred tryptich L 'enfance du Christe. From the fifteenth century Coventry Nativity pageant, the haunting carol sung by the women of the town of Bethlehem just before the murder of their children is presented here in the earliest form extant. Though widely regarded today as a masterpiece, sacred authorities found Handel's Messiah "too secular" when first presented.

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