The Professional ethics of journalists in the face of governments and politicians: perceptions of professionals and citizens in Spain

Abstract

Introduction: This paper analyses the pressures that have been exerted or attempted to be exerted from politics on journalism. Methodology: The study uses a combination of qualitative methodologies, such as focus groups; and quantitative ones, such as surveys to journalists; both methodologies allow knowing how politics influence on journalists and how it can limit media instruments of accountability. Results: this study demonstrates that journalists and citizens share their perception on how political influence is one of the main circumstances affecting the development of good journalism. Discussion/conclusion: In spite of journalists recognizing political and government pressures, the study concludes that they do not give in or feel responsible to political parties or governments.