Trends in the prevalence and associated factors of prediabetes and diabetes in Bangladesh: Evidence from population-based cross-sectional surveys

Aims: Diabetes is a major health problem in Bangladesh, but nationally representative studies on its trends and associated factors are scarce to guide policy formulation. Therefore, the study aims to determine trends in the prevalence and associated factors of prediabetes and diabetes in Bangladesh. Methods: The study included two population-based cross-sectional surveys from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (n = 7,505 in 2011 and n = 11,959 in 2017–18). Chi-square association tests were performed to determine the associated factors. Logistic regression models (univariate and multivariable) were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted relative risks of having diabetes, reported with odds ratios. Age-adjusted prevalence was also reported for both surveys. Results: The overall age-adjusted prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes decreased from 52.77% (95% CI: 52.61–52.92) and 10.43% (95% CI: 10.33–10.53) in 2011 to 34.10% (95% CI: 33.43–34.78) and 8.50% (95% CI: 8.11–8.90) in 2017–18. Compared to males, females had a higher odds of diabetes in 2011, but in 2017–18 a significant inverse result was observed. In both surveys, the odds of prediabetes and diabetes increased with advancing age, obesity, better wealth status, and hypertension. Conclusion: The study shows that the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes is high in Bangladesh despite decreasing trends. Therefore, the study recommends promoting healthy lifestyles and regular screening for non-communicable diseases.