Modeling of coastal water contamination in Fortaleza (Northeastern Brazil)
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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10902/10215DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.292
ISSN: 0273-1223
ISSN: 1996-9732
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Pereira, S.P.; Rosman, P.C.C.; Álvarez Díaz, César; Schetini, C.A.F.; Souza, R.O.; Vieira, R.H.S.F.Fecha
2015Derechos
©IWA Publishing [2015]. The definitive peer-reviewed and edited version of this article is published in Water Science and Technology 72 (6), 928-936, 2015, 10.2166/wst.2015.292 and is available at www.iwapublishing.com.
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Water Science and Technology 2015 ; 72 (6) : 928-36
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IWA Publishing
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Resumen/Abstract
An important tool in environmental management projects and studies due to the complexity of environmental systems, environmental modeling makes it possible to integrate many variables and processes, thereby providing a dynamic view of systems. In this study the bacteriological quality of the coastal waters of Fortaleza (Brazil) was modeled considering multiple contamination sources. Using the software SisBaHiA, the dispersion of thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli from three sources of contamination (rivers, storm drains and submarine outfall) was analyzed. The models took into account variations in bacterial decay due to solar radiation and other environmental factors. Fecal pollution discharged from rivers and storm drains is transported westward by coastal currents, contaminating strips of beach water to the left of each storm drain or river. Exception to this condition only occurs on beaches protected by the breakwater of the harbor, where counterclockwise vortexes reverse this behavior. The results of the models were consistent with field measurements taken during the dry and the rainy season. Our results show that the submarine outfall plume
was over 2 km from the nearest beach. The storm drains and the Maceió stream are the main factors responsible for the poor water quality on the waterfront of Fortaleza.
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