Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychological disorders in childhood
with reported rates as high as 41.2% (Cartwright-Hatton, McNicol, & Doubleday, 2006; Cooley,
Boyd, & Grados, 2004). A majority of the anxiety intervention programs target children who are
7 years of age and older. Yet, many anxiety disorders develop in the preschool years (APA,
2000). Therefore, it seems desirable to work with young children who display early signs of
anxiety to provide them with skills that would protect them from later full-blown
psychopathology. Early intervention and prevention programs may be effective ways to modify
the developmental trajectory of anxiety disorders.

The present research reports findings from an anxiety prevention program for 4-7 year
olds. One hundred and ten children from two schools in a rural part of Southwest Virginia
participated. Fifty-seven children from one school received a classroom-based prevention
program on a weekly basis over 20 weeks. Fifty-three children from a second school served as a control group. The mean age of the sample was 5.11 years. Results suggested that anxiety was  positively correlated with emotional symptoms (r = .67, p<.001), peer difficulties (r = .21,p<.05), and total difficulties (r =.29, p<.03) on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for all children. Overall, there were significant decreases in anxiety symptoms from pre to follow-up for both groups of children [F (1, 105) = 7.79, p =.006]. Unexpectedly, anxiety symptoms increased from pre to post for children in the intervention school whereas they decreased for children in the control school. Although these findings are reversed of what was expected, these results may have important implications concerning the importance of providing anxiety education and awareness for teachers. Implications of the current findings, limitations of the study, and directions for future research and dissemination are discussed.