臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在釐清不同時段與有無熱身對飛鏢投擲表現的影響。以12名19至25歲，具有飛鏢投擲經驗的男性大學生為研究對象，平均年齡20.58±.79歲、身高172.91±6.88公分、體重67.50±8.39公斤。所有研究對象依平衡次序參與不同時段（3）×有無熱身（2）等六種實驗處理。所得數據以重覆量數二因子變異數分析，考驗不同時段及有無熱身準備對飛鏢投擲表現的差異。結果發現不同時段及有無熱身準備並未有顯著的交互作用（p>.05），所以不同時段跟有無熱身準備是不會互相影響飛鏢投擲的表現。然而，不同時段與有無熱身因子卻分別達顯著差異（p<.05）。經主要效果得知，時段一早上09:00-10:00和時段二下午15:00-16:00的飛鏢投擲成績低於時段三晚上20:00-21:00，（時段一：248.01±29.38分；時段二：247.24±27.72；時段三：265.30±28.8分，p<.05）。另外經熱身準備後投擲飛鏢有顯著的進步（有熱身：263.59±31.63分；無熱身：243.45±23.48分，p<.05）。研究認為晚上時段進行飛鏢投擲，而且飛鏢投擲前需進行熱身準備，將有助於提升飛鏢投擲表現。

The purpose of the study was to clarify whether day of time and warming-up would influence the performance of dart-throwing. Twelve male college students with dart-throwing experience whose average age were 20.58 ± .79 years old, height 172.91 ± 6.88 cm, weight 67.50 ± 8.39 kg were recruited. All participants undertook 6 experimental treatments : day of time (3) × warm-up (2) by counter-balanced order. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data to examine whether day of time and warm-up would impact the result of dart-throwing. Consequently, there was no significant interaction between day of time and warm-up. In other words, different day of time and warm-up would not interact to influence the performance of dart-throwing. However, significant main effects were found day of time and warm-up respectively (p<.05). Besides post-hoc comparisons showed that dart-throwing performances in time 1 09:00-10:00 and time 2 15:00-16:00 were worse than time 3 20:00-21:00, (time 1: 248.01±29.38; time 2: 247.24±27.72; time 3: 265.30±28.8, p<.05) In addition, performance after warm-up, was significantly better, (warm-up: 263.59±31.63 vs. without warm-up: 243.45±23.48, p<.05). In conclusion, dart-throwing performance in the evening and with warm-up would be enhanced.

目　次…………………………………………………………………………………………I
表　次……………………………………………………………………………………IV
圖　次…………………………………………………………………………V
第壹章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………1
第一節 問題背景………………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的……………………………………………………………………………4
第三節 研究假設……………………………………………………………………………4
第四節 研究範圍與限制……………………………………………………………………4
第五節 名詞操作性定義……………………………………………………………………4
第貳章 文獻探討……………………………………………………………………7
第一節 飛鏢投擲運動……………………………………………………………………………7
第二節 不同時段對運動表現的影響…………………………………………10
第三節 熱身準備對運動表現的影響…………………………………………13
第四節 結語………………………………………………………………………16
第參章 研究方法…………………………………………………………………17
第一節 研究對象…………………………………………………………………………17
第二節 實驗設計…………………………………………………………………………17
第三節 實驗時間與地點……………………………………………………………18
第四節 實驗器材…………………………………………………………………………18
第五節 實驗流程…………………………………………………………………………20
第六節 實驗方法…………………………………………………………………………21
第七節 資料處理與分析……………………………………………………23
第肆章 結果…………………………………………………………24
第一節 基本資料及平均總分…………………………………………24
第二節 不同時段及有無熱身準備對飛鏢投擲表現的影響…………26
第伍章 討論………………………………………………………28
第一節　不同時段對飛鏢投擲表現的影響………………………………28
第二節　有無熱身準備對飛鏢投擲表現的影響………………………29
第陸章 結論………………………………………………………………30
引用文獻……………………………………………………………………………31
附錄一　研究對象告知後同意書…………………………………………………36
附錄二　六種實驗處理原始分數…………………………………………………38
 
表　次
表3-1　六種實驗處理日程表……………………………………………………17
表4-1　各測驗飛鏢投擲平均總分………………………………………………25
表4-2　相依樣本二因子變異數分析摘要表……………………………………26
 
圖　次
圖1-1　鏢靶得分區域………………………………………………………6
圖2-1　體溫及爆發力與生理時鐘的函數週期圖………………………………………………11
圖3-1　飛鏢………………………………………………………………………………18
圖3-2　鏢靶………………………………………………………………………………………18
圖3-3　皮尺…………………………………………………………………………………………19
圖3-4　碼錶……………………………………………………………………………………19
圖3-5　跑步機…………………………………………………………………………………19
圖3-6　實驗流程圖…………………………………………………………………………………20
圖3-7　場地佈置圖……………………………………………………………………………21
圖4-1　不同時段平均分數…………………………………………………………………27
圖4-2　有無熱身準備平均分數……………………………………………………………27

王翰晢（2009）。飛鏢投擲在不同視覺條件下之差異。未出版論文，國立體育大學，桃園縣。
何寶成、蔡忠昌（2007）。熱身運動對於運動表現的影響。大專體育，91，165-173。
林正常（1993）。運動科學與訓練。臺北縣：銀禾文化。
林玉瓊、林正常、王順正（1995）。十分鐘走路熱身運動對全反應時間不同分段時間值之影響。體育學報，20，293-304。
陳彥如、林雅琳、楊珈芬、劉郁彧、陳信志（2007）。以Petri net技術探討生理時鐘對哺乳動物機制的影響。2007國際醫學資訊研討會論文集（頁141-146）。臺北：臺北醫學大學。
陳國維（2010）。動態伸展之生理效益及應用。臺南大學體育，5，89-101。
陳聰毅、杜春治（2002）。熱身與靜態伸展運動對暫時性柔軟度持續效果的影響。大專體育學刊，4（1），107-120。
蔡宗晏（2005）。生理時鐘與運動。大專體育，80，189-196。
賴世炯、卓俊伶（2000）。力量變異對飛鏢投擲動作表現的影響。體育學報，29，169-177。
Arendt, J. (2010). Shift work: Coping with the biological clock. Occupational Medicine, 60(1), 10-20.
Alami, A. (2010). Effects of changing attentional focus reminder rates on learning to throw darts (Unpublished master’s thesis). California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California.
Aguilar, A. J., DiStefano, L. J., Brown, C. N., Herman, D. C., Guskiewicz, K. M., & Padua, D. A. (2012). A dynamic warm-up model increases quadriceps strength and hamstring flexibility. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(4), 1130-1141.
Baxter, C., & Reilly, T. (1983). Influence of time of day on all-out swimming. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 17, 122-127.
Behm, D., Bambury, A., Cahill, F., & Power, K. (2004). Effect of acute static stretching on force, balance, reaction time, and movement time. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(8), 1397-1402.
Bird, S. P., & Tarpenning, K. M. (2004). Influence of circadian time structure on acute hormonal responses to a single bout of heavy-resistance exercise in weight-trained men. Chronobiology International, 21(1), 131-146.
Bishop, D. (2003). Warm up I-Potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance. Sports Medicine, 33(6), 439-454.
Drust, B., Waterhouse, J., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., & Reilly, T. (2005). Circadian rhythms in sports performance-an update. Chronobiology International, 22(1), 21-44.
Edwards, B., Lindsay, K., & Waterhouse, J. (2005). Effect of time of day on the accuracy and consistency of the badminton serve. Ergonomics, 48, 1488-1498.
Edwards, B. J., & Waterhouse, J. (2009). Effects of one night of partial sleep deprivation upon diurnal rhythms of accuracy and consistency in throwing darts. Chronobiology International, 26(4), 756-768.
Etnyre, B. R. (1998). Accuracy characteristics of throwing as a result of maximum force effect. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 1211-1217.
Faisal, A., Beavers, K. R., & Hughson, R. L. (2010). O2 uptake and blood pressure regulation at the onset of exercise: Interaction of circadian rhythm and priming exercise. American Journal of Physiology, 299(6), 1832-1842.
Fletcher, I. M., & Jones, B. (2004). The effect of different warm-up stretch protocols on 20 meter sprint performance in trained rugby union players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(4), 885-888.
Gray, S. C., Devito, G., & Nimmo, M. A. (2002). Effect of active warm-up on metabolism prior to and during intense dynamic exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(12), 2091-2096.
Herman, S. L., & Smith, D. T. (2008). Four-week dynamic stretching warm-up intervention elicits longer-term performance benefits. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22, 1286-1297.
Hossein, B., Hassan, M., & Fatemeh, S. (2012). Effect of feedback and task related attention focus on acquisition and learning of dart throwing special task. International Journal of Sport Studies, 2(2), 79-83.
Kramer, A., Yang, F. C., Snodgrass, P., Li, X., Scammell, T. E., Davis, F. C., & Weitz, C. J. (2001). Regulation of daily locomotor activity and sleep by hypothalamic EGF receptor signaling. Science, 294, 2511-2515.
Little, T., & Williams, A. G. (2006). Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(1), 203-207.
McMillian, D. J., Moore, J. H., Hatler, B. S., & Taylor, D. C. (2006). Dynamic vs. static stretching warm up: The effect on power and agility performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(3), 492-499.
Moritomo, H., Apergis, E. P., Herzberg, G., Werner, F. W., Wolfe, S. W., & Garcia-Elias, M. (2007). 2007 IFSSH committee report of wrist biomechanics committee: Biomechanics of the so-called dart-throwing motion of the wrist. Journal of Hand Surgery-American, 32(9), 1447-1453.
Nicolas, A., Gauthier, A., Trouillet, J., & Davenne, D. (2008). The influence of circadian rhythm during a sustained submaximal exercise and on recovery process. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18, 284-290.
Racinais, S., Blonc, S., & Hue, O. (2005). Effects of active warm-up and diurnal increase in temperature on muscular power. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(12), 2134-2139.
Razeghi, R., Nia, P. S., Bushehri, N. S., & Maleki, F. (2012). Effect of interaction between eye-hand dominance on dart skill. Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, 4(2), 6-12.
Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Farrelly, K., & Fairhurst, E. (2007). Diurnal variation in temperature, mental and physical performance, and tasks specifically related to football. Chronobiology International, 24(3), 507-519.
Reilly, T., & Edwards, B. (2007). Altered sleep-wake cycles and physical performance in athletes. Physiology Behavior, 90, 274-284.
Reilly, T., & Waterhouse, J. (2009). Sports performance: Is there evidence that the body clock plays a role? European Journal of Applied Physiology. 106, 321-332.
Robergs, R. A., Pascoe D. D., Costill, D. L., Fink, W. J., Chwalbinska-Moneta, J., Davis, J. A., & Hickner, R. (1991). Effects of warm-up on muscle glycogenolysis during intense exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 23(1), 37-43.
Smeets, J. B., Frens, M. A., & Brenner, E. (2002). Throwing darts: Timing is not the limiting factor. Experimental Brain Research, 144, 268-274.
Smith, C. A. (1994). The warm up procedure: To stretch or not to stretch. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 19, 12–17.
Souissi, N., Gauthier, A., Sesboüé, B., Larue, J., & Davenne, D. (2004). Circadian rhythms in two types of anaerobic cycle leg exercise: Force-velocity and 30-s Wingate tests. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(1), 14-19.
Souissi, N., Bessot, N., Chamari, K. Gauthier, A., Sesboüé, B., & Davenne, D. (2007). Effect of time of day on aerobic contribution to the 30-s Wingate test performance. Chronobiology International, 24, 739–748.
Susan, C., & Myra, A. (2002). Effect of active warm-up on metabolism prior to and during intense dynamic exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 2091-2096.
Tang, J. B., Gu, X. K., Xu, J., & Gu, J. H. (2011). In vivo length changes of carpal ligaments of the wrist during dart-throwing motion. Journal of Hand Surgery American, 36(2), 284-290.
Taylor, K., Cronin, J., Gill, N., Chapman, D., & Sheppard, J. (2011). Warm-up affects diurnal variation in power output. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(3), 185-189.
Teo, W., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, M. J. (2011). The effects of circadian rhythmicity of salivary cortisol and testosterone on maximal isometric force, maximal dynamic force, and power output. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(6):1538-1545.
World Darts Federation. (n.d.). WDF Information. Retrieved Dec 26, 2012, from http://www.dartswdf.com
Wittekind, A., Cooper, C. E., Elwell, C. E., Leung, T. S., & Beneke, R. (2012). Warm-up effects on muscle oxygenation, metabolism and sprint cycling performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(8), 3129-3139.
Yaicharoen, P., Wallman, K., Morton, A., & Bishop, D. (2012). The effect of warm-up on intermittent sprint performance and selected thermoregulatory parameters. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(5), 451-456.
Young, W. B., & Behm, D. G. (2003). Effects of running, static stretching and practice jumps on explosive force production and jumping performance. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 43, 21-27.
Zarghami, M., Saemi, E., & Fathi, I. (2012). External focus of attention enhances discus throwing performance. Kinesiology, 44(1), 47-51.